a biologist and physicist that contributed to the discovery of DNA because they found that DNA was made up of two chains of nucleotide pairs that codes the genetic information for all living things.

proved that protein was not genetic material, and that DNA was genetic material. Also discovered when bacteriophages, which are composed of DNA and protein, infect bacteria, their DNA enters the host bacterial cell, but protein does not.

biologist discovered the "transforming principle", meaning DNA (not protein) was carrying hereditary information. When isolated from one strain of bacteria, DNA was able to transform another strain and transfer characteristics onto that second strain

discovered the structure of DNA by using high-resolution X-Ray images. (DNA fibers were helical, corkscrew-like shape, which eventually led to the discovery of the double helix)

discovered that the amounts of adenine and thymine in DNA were roughly the same, as were the amounts of cytosine and guanine, which is known as the first of Chargaff's rules. (ratio of all are EQUAL)

a structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome, consisting of a length of DNA coiled around a core of histones.

one of two chemical compounds that is structured as a double carbon-nitrogen ring with four nitrogen atoms, which cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (nitrogen-containing base) *Bigger

one of two chemical compounds that is structured as a single carbon-nitrogen ring with two nitrogen atoms, which cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (nitrogen-containing base) *Smaller

DNA-joining enzyme. Joins the strands of DNA together by forming (catalyzing) a phosphodiester bond.

enzymes that are vital to all organisms because it unwinds DNA with the use of energy, which plays a major role in DNA replication, DNA repair, and DNA recombination.

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Biology Chapter 12A

Part 1 of Chapter 12 Vocab.

Term	Definition
Watson & Crick	a biologist and physicist that contributed to the discovery of DNA because they found that DNA was made up of two chains of nucleotide pairs that codes the genetic information for all living things.
Hershey & Chase	proved that protein was not genetic material, and that DNA was genetic material. Also discovered when bacteriophages, which are composed of DNA and protein, infect bacteria, their DNA enters the host bacterial cell, but protein does not.
Avery	biologist discovered the "transforming principle", meaning DNA (not protein) was carrying hereditary information. When isolated from one strain of bacteria, DNA was able to transform another strain and transfer characteristics onto that second strain
Franklin & Wilkins	discovered the structure of DNA by using high-resolution X-Ray images. (DNA fibers were helical, corkscrew-like shape, which eventually led to the discovery of the double helix)
Chargaff	discovered that the amounts of adenine and thymine in DNA were roughly the same, as were the amounts of cytosine and guanine, which is known as the first of Chargaff's rules. (ratio of all are EQUAL)
Nucleosome	a structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome, consisting of a length of DNA coiled around a core of histones.
Purine	one of two chemical compounds that is structured as a double carbon-nitrogen ring with four nitrogen atoms, which cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (nitrogen-containing base) *Bigger
Pyrimidine	one of two chemical compounds that is structured as a single carbon-nitrogen ring with two nitrogen atoms, which cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (nitrogen-containing base) *Smaller
(DNA) ligase	DNA-joining enzyme. Joins the strands of DNA together by forming (catalyzing) a phosphodiester bond.
Helicase	enzymes that are vital to all organisms because it unwinds DNA with the use of energy, which plays a major role in DNA replication, DNA repair, and DNA recombination.

Created by: Sammygaga

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