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Science Study Guide
Science end of unit 12/2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Calorie | A unit of heat used to indicate the amount of energy food will produce in the body. |
| Essential Amino Acids | Any of the ones that are required for normal human health and growth, the essential ones have to be consumed in food either because your body can't produce them, or it produces them in significant quantities. |
| Minerals | An inorganic chemical substance that occurs naturally in some foods and is important for good health, small inorganic molecules |
| Nutrients | Includes 6, vitamins, lipids, minerals, water, carbohydrates, and proteins. |
| Starch | A substance found in foods such as bread, rice and potatoes. |
| Lipids | The hear and skeletal muscles rely on these for energy 1g=9 cals |
| Vitamins | An organic natural substance tat is usually found in food and helps your body to be healthy |
| Absorption | The process of taking something into a substance |
| Chemical digestion | When food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and used by the body, it is accomplished with enzymatic breakdown of foods into smaller chemical compounds. |
| Digestion | Process where food is broken up physically and chemically and converted into a substance suitable for absorption into the body. |
| Digestive system | Consists of the digestive tract or a series of structures and organs through which food and liquids pass during their processing into forms absorbable into the blood stream. |
| Mechanical digestion | Where food is broken down physically, so enzymatic digestion is easier because there is more surface area. |
| Small intestine | The narrow winding upper part of the intestine where digestion is completed and nutrients are absorbed by the blood, consists of the duodenum the jejunum and the ileum. |
| Metabolism | The set of chemical processes that use energy to carry out life functions such as growth and reproduction. |
| Molecule | The smallest physical particle of an element or compound. |
| Stomach | Connects to the esophagus and the small intestine. |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which plants make their own food in the chloroplast, necessary for cellular respiration. |
| Cellular respiration | The process where the glucose made in photosynthesis is converted into usable energy (atp) |
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