pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell

process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contents.

process by which the cell cytoplasm divide

long, continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information

protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps

loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase

one half of a duplicated chromosome

region of condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis and mitosis

repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent the loss of genes

first phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleolus disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell

second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator

third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassemble

broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division

common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division

having no dangerous effect on health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous

cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organism’s health

to spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body

substance that produces or promotes the development of cancer

process by which offspring are produced from a single parent; does not involve the joining of gametes

asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two equal parts

group of cells that work together to perform a similar function

group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions

two or more organs that work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions

processes by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature form and function

cell that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferentiated

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Chapter 5 Vocab

Term	Definition
Cell Cycle	pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell
Mitosis	process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contents.
Cytokinesis	process by which the cell cytoplasm divide
Chromosome	long, continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information
Histone	protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps
Chromatin	loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase
Chromatid	one half of a duplicated chromosome
Centromere	region of condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis and mitosis
Telomere	repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent the loss of genes
Prophase	first phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleolus disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell
Metaphase	second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator
Anaphase	third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase	last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassemble
Growth Factor	broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division
Apoptosis	programmed cell death
Cancer	common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division
Benigin	having no dangerous effect on health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous
Malignant	cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organism’s health
Metastasize	to spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body
Carcinogen	substance that produces or promotes the development of cancer
Asexual Reproduction	process by which offspring are produced from a single parent; does not involve the joining of gametes
Binary Fission	asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two equal parts
Tissue	group of cells that work together to perform a similar function
Organ	group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions
Organ System	two or more organs that work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions
Cell Differentiation	processes by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature form and function
Stem Cell	cell that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferentiated

Created by: BodkinG26

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