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CCC Juvenile DM
CCC Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Diabetes Mellitus | Chronic disorder of metabolism characterized by a partial or complete deficiency of the hormone insulin |
| What is the most common metabolic disease? | Diabetes Mellitus |
| Incidence of juvenile diabetes in USA | 1 in 3 children will develop DM in the USA |
| Two forms of Diabetes | Type 1 DM and Type 2 diabetes |
| Type 1 DM. | Destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which leads to insulin deficiency. Juvenile diabetes. |
| Two forms of Type 1 DM. | Immediated DM and idiopathic type 1 (rare) |
| Type 2 Diabetes. | Insulin resistant, body fails to use insulin properly. Adult onset diabetes. |
| What diseases do the clinical manifestations of DM imitate? | Influenza, gastroenteritis, and apendicitis |
| Purpose of insulin | Needed to support the metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins, facilitating the entry of these substances into the cell with the exception of nerve cells and vascular tissue. |
| Deficiency of insulin causes | hyperglycemia which leads to a hypertonic state; the 3 P's |
| The 3 P's | Polyuria (Urine); Polydipsia (thirst); Poly phagia (Hunger) |
| Ketoacidosis | when insulin is absent or insulin sensitivity is altered, glucose is unavailable for cellular metabolism, body chooses alternate source of energy, mostly fat |
| Ketone bodies | fatty acids converted by the liver |
| Elimination of excess ketone bodies | ketonuria (urine); acetone breath (lungs); kussmaul's respirations |
| Kussmaul's Respirations | abnormal regular,very rapid and very deep breathing (hyperventilating) |
| Treatment of Ketoacidosis | insulin therapy and IV fluid therapy |
| What may impact blood serum levels | diet, emotions, activities, recent surgery, onset of puberty |
| If Blood Sugar (BS) is high before eating | hyperglycemia |
| If Blood Sugar (BS) is low before eating | Hypoglycemia |
| Meal planning for DM is based on | number of portions and portions size, eliminate concentrated sweets, include fiber to decrease amount of insulin required |
| Benefits of exercise | Burns up more glucose and decreases insulin requirements |
| S/S of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia | "cold and clammy needs some candy, and hot and dry sugar high" |
| Insulin therapy types of insulin | Humulog (rapid-acting); Regular (short-acting); NPH (intermediate-acting); Protamean zinc (long-acting); Nonvulin 70/30 |
| Order of mixing insulin | inject air in NPH, inject air in reg, draw out reg, draw out NPH. administer within 5-15 minutes. |
Created by:
RJost
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