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Ecology
Ecology definitions and the study of an ecosystem, nitrogen cycle
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ecology | study of interactions between living things and between organisms in their environments |
| Biosphere | the part of the planet containing living orgainsms |
| biotic and abiotic factors | biotic- living factors abiotic-vnon-living factors |
| interspecific and intraspecific competition | interspecific-competition between members of a different species intraspecific-competition in the same species |
| biome | a different form of an ecosystem in which a large land area with a ditinct cilmate, plants and animal species exist |
| ecosystem | a group of clearly distinguished organisms that interact with their environment as a unit |
| community | all the different populations in one area |
| populations | all the memebers of the same species living in an area |
| individual | a single organism of a specific species |
| niche | ecological niche of an organism is the functional role it plays in the community |
| pollution | any harmful human addition (contamination) to a habitat |
| pollutants | things that cause pollution eg chemical of human origin that can harm environment |
| conservation | the protection and wise management of natural resources and the environment |
| consumers | organisms that take in food from another organism |
| producers | organisms that carry out photosynthesis |
| trophic level | a feeding stage in a food chain |
| nitrogen fixation | the conversion of nitrogen gas into nitrate |
| nitrification | conversion of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate |
| denitrification | conversion of nitrates to nitrogen gas |
| competition | occurs when organisms actively struggle for a resource that is short in supply |
| contest and scramble competition | contest- there is an active physical contest between two individual organisms scramble- all competing individuals get some of the resource |
| predation | the catching, killing and eating of another organism |
| predator | an organism that catches, kills and eats another organism |
| prey | the organism that is eaten by the predator |
| qualitative and quantitative studies | qualitative-records presence or absence of something quantitative- records amount of something |
| adaptation | any alteration that improves an organisms chances of survival and reproduction |
| nutrient recycling | how elements are exchanged between living and non-living parts of an ecosystem |
| climatic factors | the average weather conditions that affect the community in an ecosystem |
| edaphic factors | refers to the soil |
| parasitism | one organism (parasite) lives off of/benefits from another (the host) and does harm to it |
| symbiosis | where two organisms of different species have a close, specific relationship where atleast one of them benefits |
| species | a group of the same organism that can create fertile offspring |
| What is a benefit of nitrogen being converted to nitrates? | Nitrates can be absorbed by plants |
| What family of plants have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria? | Legumes |
| What is the role of modern fertilisers in the nitrogen cycle? | Supply's nitrates to the soil |
| In relation to the nitrogen cycle , what happens when animals die? | They decompose and release ammonia |
| What ecosystem did you study? | Deciduous woodland |
| When studying an ecosystem, suggest a reason why you would only study a 10m square rather than a whole habitat | The entire habitat would be impractical to study and take to long, so instead we study a representative sample of the ecosystem |
| What was the soil temperature in your chosen ecosystem? | 9C |
| Name the 5 woodland layers | Herb layer, shrub layer, under-storey layer and canopy layer |
| What was the air temperature in your chosen ecosystem? | 15C |
| What was the light/shade level in your chosen ecosystem? | Mixed |
| What was the moisture level in your chosen ecosystem? | Slightly damp |
| What was the shelter level in your chosen ecosystem? | Some shelter |
| Was there evidence of overgrazing by herbivores in this ecosystem? | No |
| What effect could overgrazing have on an ecosystem? | Little growth and little biodiversity |
| What effect could under-grazing have on an ecosystem? | Too much growth and little biodiversity (since some plants would die off) |
| Which predator is missing from Ireland and how did it disappear? | Wolves were hunted to extinction |
| What conservation issues could arise in an ecosystem? | Human population pressure, new plant diseases, climate change |
| Name three plant species you studied in a deciduous woodland | Holly, common beech, bluebells |
| In what layer can you find holly in and name its features/adaptations to its ecosystem | herb layer- spiky leaves |
| In What layer can you find common beech in and name its features/adaptations to its ecosystem | canopy layer- it's deciduous (adapting to the cold) |
| In what layer can you find bluebells in and name its features/adaptations to its ecosystem | herb layer- grow well in shaded areas, is herbacious |
| Name three vertebrate species in a deciduous woodland | red deer, blackbirds, mice |
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