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Science
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Volcano | erupting vent through which molten rock surfaces; creating and destructing mountains |
| Magma | Molten rock beneath the Earth surface. |
| Lava | Molten rock beneath the Earth surface. |
| Ring of Fire | A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean. |
| Island Arc | A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench |
| Hot Spot | An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it |
| Magma Chamber | Pocket of magma beneath Earth's surface. |
| Pipe | A long tube into the ground that connects the magma chamber to Earth's surface. |
| Vent | opening of a volcano where magma is forced up |
| Lava Flow | Melted rock flowing on the surface of the Earth. |
| Crater | circular depression at the top of a volcano. |
| Silica | A material found in magma that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon. |
| Pahoehoe | A hot, fast-moving type of lava that hardens to form smooth, rope-like coils. |
| aa | A slow-moving type of lava that hardens to form rough chunks; cooler than pahoehoe |
| Pyroclastic Flow | A super-heated cloud of ash, gas and rock. |
| Active Volcano | A volcano that is currently erupting or likely to erupt. |
| Dormant Volcano | When it is not erupting but capable of erupting in the future. |
| Extinct Volcano | A volcano that no longer erupts and is in the process of eroding. |
| Hot Spring | A pool of groundwater that has risen to the surface after being heated by a nearby body of magma. |
| Geyser | Fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground. |
| Geothermal | underground heat warms water, and steam turns turbines and generators. |
| Shield Volcano | Long, low sloping sides, lava erupted through vents and fissures. |
| Cinder Cone Volcano | A steep cone shaped hill made of volcanic ash around volcano's opening. |
| Composite Volcano | a volcano constructed of alternating layers of pyroclastic debris and lava flows |