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Biology

Chapter 4- DNA Replication

TermDefinition
helicase unwinds and separates double stranded DNA as it moves along the DNA. It forms the replication fork by breaking hydrogen bonds between nucleotide pairs in DNA.
primase a type of RNA polymerase that generates RNA primers. Primers are short RNA molecules that act as templates for the starting point of DNA replication.
polymerases synthesize new DNA molecules by adding nucleotides to leading and lagging DNA strands.
Topoisomerase unwinds and rewinds DNA strands to prevent the DNA from becoming tangled or supercoiled.
Exonucleases group of enzymes that remove nucleotide bases from the end of a DNA chain.
ligase joins DNA fragments together by forming phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides.
unzipping the double helix structure of the DNA molecule in DNA replication First step in DNA replication
replication fork The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a _______
Leading strand One of the strands is oriented in the 3’ to 5’ direction (towards the replication fork)
Lagging strand The other strand is oriented in the 5’ to 3’ direction (away from the replication fork)
DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule
conservative suggests that parental DNA remains together and newly-formed daughter strands are also together.
semi-conservative suggests that the two parental DNA strands serve as a template for new DNA and after replication, each double-stranded DNA contains one strand from the parental DNA and one new (daughter) strand.
dispersive suggests that, after replication, the two daughter DNAs have alternating segments of both parental and newly-synthesized DNA interspersed on both strands.
semiconservative DNA replication is considered to be _____ since it is composed of one original strand and a formation of new daughter strand/molecule
Created by: yuniskie
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