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Biology

Chapter 4- DNA and RNA:Structure and Function

TermDefinition
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid; genetic material that contain all the genetic information
Genes segments of DNA; signifies a unique protein that controls specific functions in the cell; capable of storing genetic information
RNA is a single strand, it can read the DNA code and take the information out of the nucleus, build proteins
Nucleotides The building blocks of DNA
Deoxyribose, Phosphate, Nitrogen Base one nucleotide of DNA is made of:
Adenine-Thymine; Cytosine-Guanine Four nitrogen bases of DNA:
Ribose, Phosphate, Nitrogen Base one nucleotide of RNA is made of:
Adenine-Uracil, Cytosine-Guanine Four nitrogen bases of RNA:
Messenger RNA Carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
Ribosomal RNA Makes up the major part of ribosomes, which is where proteins are made.
Transfer RNA Transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
Proteins made up of a chain of amino acids; are enzymes, which catalyze and regulate chemical reactions
Transcription; Translation steps to make protein:
Transcription DNA to RNA
Translation RNA to protein (chain of amino acids)
Amino acids building blocks of proteins
nucleic acids are macromolecules
nucleotide made out of sugar, phosphate, and base
Purine Adenine and Guanine; double ring
Pyrimidine Cytosine, Thymine ; single ring
RNA Ribonucleic acid
james watson and francis crick developed the structure of DNA as a "double helical structure"
codon a sequence of 3 nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid
watson-crick model of DNA two sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside of the helix; nitrogenous bases are found on the inside; form hydrogen-bonded pairs that hold the DNA strands together.
Created by: yuniskie
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