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Mitosis/ Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
What are the four stages of the cell cycle (in order)? G1, S, G2, M.
What happens in each stage? G1: The cell grows and continues life processes. S: DNA replicates (makes a copy of itself). G2: The cell grows more and organelles replicate. M: Cell division - mitosis - occurs.
Which phases are considered “interphase”? G1, S, G2.
What are the phases of mitosis (write the whole names)? Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase/Cytokinesis
When do sister chromatids line up in the middle (equator) of the cell? (What phase?) Metaphase
Complete the sentence → During prophase, _________ move to opposite sides of the cell, and ________ form. During prophase, centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell, and spindle fibers form.
Where do the spindle fibers connect on the sister chromatids? At the centromere.
During which phase are sister chromatids separated and pulled to opposite sides (poles) of the cell? Anaphase
How do the sister chromatids actually move? A protein called the kinetochore “eats” the spindle fiber and pulls the chromatid along.
During which phase does the nuclear membrane dissolve? Prophase
Why does the nuclear envelope dissolve during prophase as opposed to metaphase or anaphase? The nuclear envelope must dissolve in order for the chromosomes to separate.
When does the cell actually split? What is it called? Cytokinesis, after telophase.
What kind of cells go through mitosis, and which cells go through meiosis? Mitosis = somatic cells (body cells) Meiosis = gametes (sex cells)
What are the phases of meiosis? Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I/Cytokinesis, Interkinesis (resting phase), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II/Cytokinesis
During which phase do homologous chromosomes match up? Prophase I
What ARE homologous chromosomes? Chromosomes that are the same “number”. When they line up together they make tetrads (4 of the same chromosome lined up together).
Why do the homologous chromosomes line up? To do crossing over; create genetic variation.
What is the NORMAL number of chromosomes in an organism? Diploid (2n)
What is half the number of chromosomes called? Haploid (n)
At Prophase I, how many chromosomes are there? Double
At Anaphase I, how many chromosomes are there? Two sets of diploid
How many chromosomes are there in Prophase II? Diploid in each cell
How many chromosomes are there in Anaphase II? Two sets of haploid chromosomes
How many cells are at the end of Meiosis, AND how many chromosomes are in each cell? Four cells; haploid chromosomes
How many cells are at the end of Mitosis and how many chromosomes are in each cell? Two daughter cells; diploid number of chromosomes
If the diploid number of chromosomes of an organism is 20, what is the haploid number? 10
Created by: mimichs
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