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Life Span
Life Span Test, LPN
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Erikson's Young Adulthood stage of psychosocial development (age range, developmental task, outcomes?) | 20-44, intimacy vs. isolation, Young adults seek companionship and love with another person or become isolated from others |
| Erikson's Middle Adulthood stage of psychosocial development (age range, developmental task, outcomes?) | 45-65, generativity vs. stagnation, middle-aged adults are productive, performing meaningful work/raising a family or become stagnant and inactive. |
| Erikson's Late Adulthood stage of psychosocial development (age range, developmental task, outcomes?) | 65+, ego integrity vs. despair, older adults try to make sense out of their lives, either seeing lives as meaningful and whole or despairing at goals never reached & questions never answered. |
| Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development | Sensorimotor - birth to 2 years, Preoperational thought - 2 to 6 years, concrete operational thought - 7 to 11 years, formal operational thought - 12+ years. |
| Erikson's Adolescence stage of psychosocial development (age range, developmental task, outcomes?) | 12-19, identity vs. role confusion, try to figure out who they are, establish sexual/ethnic/career identities or are confused about what future roles to play |
| Cephalocaudal | Development from head to toe. |
| Chromosomes | Threadlike structures in the nucleus of a cell that function in transmission of genetic information. |
| Conception (fertilization) | Union of sperm and ovum. |
| Development | Function or gradual process of change from simple to complex. |
| Presbycusis | Normal loss of hearing. |
| Presbyopia | Far-sightedness |
| Proximodistal | Center toward the outside |
| Schema | Innate knowledge structure that allows a child to mentally organize ways to behave in immediate environment. |
| Teratogen | Substance/agent/process that interferes with normal prenatal development. |
| Zygote | Developing ovum from fertilization to blastocyst |
| Dynamic | Characterized by action/forcefulness or force of personality |
| Maturation | Coming to full development, becoming mature. |
| Continuity | Uninterrupted connection/union |
| Genes | Basic unit of heredity in a living organism. Holds information to build & maintain an organism's cells and pass genetic traits to offspring. |
| Plateau | A period with no progress |
| Motor development | Growth of muscular development in a child. |
| Physical development | Physical growth & development of gross and fine motor control of the body. |
| Emotional development | Childrens' increasing awareness and control of their feelings and how they react in given situations. |
| Mental development | Development of the ability to think and reason (cognitive) |
| Social development | learning the skills that enable a person to interact and communicate with others in a meaningful way |
| Developmental task | a physical or cognitive skill that a person must accomplish during a particular age period to continue development (example - walking) |
| Adulthood | the mature stage of an organism in its life cycle, usually meaning that it is able to reproduce (fully grown) |
| Climacteric | The period of life when fertility and sexual activity are in decline. |
| Geriatrics | the branch of medical science that deals with diseases and health problems specific to old people |
| Gerontology | the study of the elderly, and of the aging process itself; the branch of science that deals with the problems of aged people. Gerontology covers the social, psychological and biological aspects of aging |
| Senility | Cognitive changes often observed in older adults, dementia |
| Growth | Increase in size of the whole or its parts |
| Disengagement theory of aging | There should be a withdraw or disengagement between the older individual & society, initiated by the individual or by other in society. |
| Activity theory of aging | The older person who is more active socially is more likely to adjust well to aging. |
| Continuity theory of aging | The critical factors in adjustment to old age are previously developed coping abilities and the ability to maintain previous roles & activities. |
| Safety tips for older adults | Use night-lights, properly fitting clothing & shoes, use dispensing aids for medications, get up slowly from a lying position, minimize clutter and excess furniture |
| Autoimmunity theory of aging | Theory supported by increased accumulation of lymphocytes and plasma cells found in normal, healthy older people. |
| Biological programming theory of aging | Hereditary basis for aging, evidenced by similarities in life expectancies in a particular family. |
| Free radical theory of aging | Highly reactive cellular components derived from unstable atoms or molecules may accelerate aging. |
| Sensory changes in older adults | Decline in taste and smell perception, presbyopia, presbycusis |
| Elizabeth Kubler-Ross's 5 stages of death and dying: | 1. Shock, denial 2. Anger, rage 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance |
| 5 developmental tasks of the young adult | Choosing/establishing careers, fulfilling sexual needs, establishing a home/family, expanding social circles, developing maturity |
| Developmental tasks of the middle adult | Adjusting to new family roles, securing economic stability for the present and future, maintaining positive self-image, evaluating/redesigning career options |
| 5 physical/personal problems that may be confronted in the middle adult years: | Empty-nest syndrome, grandparenting or new parenting, parenting the parent, skin becomes wrinkled, thinning and graying of hair occurs |
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