Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Scientific Concepts
Scientific Concepts in Hair, Skin and Nails
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| True or False: Diagnosing and providing treatments for abnormal skin conditions, illnesses, or diseases requires knowledge of skin structure and growth and is within the cosmetologists "Scope of Practice"? | False: Cosmetologists are not permitted to diagnose and need to refer clients to a physician |
| What gives the body smoothness and contour while providing a protective cushion for the skin? | Subcutaneous or Adipose tissue |
| Nerve fibers that send messages to the CNS or Central Nervous system and brain to react to heat, cold, touch, pressure and pain are called___________. | Sensory nerve fibers |
| Which nerve fibers in the skin stimulate muscles? | motor nerve fibers |
| What type of sunscreen protects against UVA and UVB radiation from the sun? | A broad spectrum sunscreen |
| What is the function of elastin in the skin? | Gives the skin flexibility and elasticity |
| What is the function of the sebaceous glands? | to secrete oil/ sebum to lubricate the skin |
| What is the function of the sudoriferous glands? | to excrete sweat to regulate body temperature and eliminate waste products |
| Water loss through perspiration is an example of which functions of the skin? | excretion |
| The medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin, its functions, and diseases is __________________________. | Dermatology |
| The melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color is _____________________. | pheomelanin |
| True or False: One of the skins functions is to add necessary body weight to maintain good health. | False. The skins functions are absorption, heat regulation and sensation |
| Oil glands that are connected to hair follicles are also called | sebaceous glands |
| Water is the #1 nutrient of the body and composes what percentage of the body's skin? | 50%-70% |
| How do you classify a lesion as either a primary or a secondary lesion? | primary lesions are a different color than the surrounding skin, whereas secondary lesions have an accumulation of material on the skin surface |
| Cysts, pustules, and tumors are examples of ______________ lesions? | primary |
| An ulcer is an open lesion that may weep fluid or pus. Ulcers are an example of a _____________lesion. | secondary |
| What is an example of an open comedo? | a blackhead where the sebum has been exposed to the environment |
| What is an example of a closed comedo? | a whitehead in which the sebum has not been exposed to the environment |
| What is rosacea? | a chronic condition that appears primarily o the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing that can progress to pustular-type breakouts |
| What are examples of disorders of the sudoriferous glands? | anhidrosis, bromhydrosis, hyperhidrosis or ayperhidrosis (excessive sweating), milaria rubra |
| What is eczema? | a chronic skin disease characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching |
| What is impetigo? | a contagious bacterial skin infection usually caused by Staphylococcus bacteria and characterized by weeping lesions |
| What is psoriasis? | a skin hypertrophy that is characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales |
| What is a keratoma? | a superficial, thickened patch of the epidermis |
| What skin pigmentation change is a hormonal disorder that appears during pregnancy or with the use of birth control pills? | melasma |
| What is albinism? | a skin pigmentation disorder that is genetic where there is an absence of melanin in the body including the skin, hair, and eyes |
| What contributes to acne development? | |
| What are treatments for mild forms of acne? | exfoliation treatments; foamy rinse-off products that remove dirt, debris and oil; toners tat treat excessively oily skin |
| What is an example of an intrinsic factor that influences skin aging? | repetitive facial expressions |
| UV radiation, alcohol use and pollution are all examples of ___________ factors that influence skin aging. | extrinsic |
| How does sun exposure negatively affect the skin? | it weakens the collagen and elastin fibers at a much faster rate. |
| What type of skin cancer is characterized by scaly red or pink papules or nodules? | squamous cell carcinoma |
| How can you identify malignant melanoma? | black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture |
| Which type of skin cancer has a 5 year survival rate of 66% once the cancer reaches the lymph nodes? | malignant melanoma |
| What type of skin inflammation is caused by contact with certain ingredients or chemicals? | contact dermatitis |
| What is a papule? | a small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus |
| What is seborrheic dermatitis? | inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and or itchiness |
| How would you identify herpes simplex I? | it is a contagious recurring viral infection characterized by fever blisters or cold sores on lips or nostrils. |
| What is a skin tag? | a small brown or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin |
| Sun exposure causes 80-85% of ___________________. | skin aging |
| __________________is an allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance> | Sensitization |
| What part of the natural nail unit protects the tips of the fingers and toes? | nail plate |
| What is the eponychium? | Living skin at the cuticle that can not be trimmed |
| What are the characteristics of a normal, healthy nail? | firm and flexible that is whitish, pink or beige in color |
| The natural nail unit includes which part of the finger? | the tip to the first knuckle |
| What is the technical term for the natural nail? | onyx |
| The sidewall of the nail is also known as the _________________. | lateral nail fold |
| A healthy nail is made up of ___________% water? | 15-25% |
| Cuticle moisturizers are used on which parts of the nail? | the eponychium, the proximal nail fold, the lateral sidewalls and the hyponychium |
| What is the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the nail plates free edge? | the hyponychium |
| The free edge is the part of the nail plate that________________________. | extends over the tip of the finger or toe |
| What happens when a nail plate as low water content? | the nail is more rigid |
| What is the part of the nail that is living and supports the nail plate? | nail bed |
| A normal nail plate grows forward from the ____________ and extends over the tip of the finger. | matrix |
| Nails grow fastest in the _____________. | summer |
| The ____________fingernail grows the fastest. | middle |
| How long does it take a shed toenail to be fully replaced? | 9-12 months |
| Children's nails grow the _________________. | fastest |
| True or False: Nail growth rated accelerate during pregnancy whether or not one is taking prenatal vitamins or not | True |
| True or False: I can recommend products to make my clients nails grow thicker? | False. Nothing can make the nail plate grow thicker |
| What is paronychia? | an infection and inflammation of the skin around the nail. usually caused by the bacteria staphylococcus aureus or fungus candida. |
| What nail disorder shows a noticeably thin, whitish nail plate that is more flexible than normal and is usually caused by diet, heredity, internal disease, medication, or overfilling with an abrasive file? | eggshell nails |
| How would you identify a discolored nail? | Its a nail disorder that shows symptoms of the nail turning a variety of colors which may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation. |
| What nail disease is associated with rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause an infection, and in early stages is seen as a yellow-green spot? | pseudomonas aeruginosa. Can be spread to people when they are exposed to water or soil that is contaminated with these germs. |
| What is a nail disease associated with fungal infections of the feet, or athlete's foot? | tinea pedis |
| What type of glove is recommended for cosmetologists? | nitrile |
| What nail disorder is associated with visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, or pus? | an infected finger |
| Which nail disorder is associated with whitish spots of discoloration of the nails and is usually caused by minor injury to the nail matrix? | leukonychia |
| What are you looking for in a hand, nail and skin analysis prior to a nail service? | the nails condition and length; the skins condition; the clients tenderness to touch |
| Nail services are governed under what license(s)? | Cosmetology or Nail Technician |
| The scope of practice for cosmetologists and nail technicians can be found in state cosmetology laws or statues under_________________. | definitions |
| What are the 2 parts of a strand of human hair? | the root and the shaft |
| What part of the structure of in the skin or scalp surrounds the hair root and anchors the hair in the skin? | the hair follicle |
| Which part of the hair root supplies nutrients so that the hair can grow? | the dermal papilla |
| The 3 layers of the hair strand are? | the cuticle, the cortex and the medulla |
| What is the medulla? | The pith or core. Not all people have a medulla. |
| Which layer of the hair shaft provides strength, elasticity and color? | the cortex |
| What are the COHNS elements? | the major elements that make up human hair: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur |
| How is a disulfide bond in human hair formed? | sulfur atoms on neighboring cysteine amino acids within polypeptide chains in the hair join. |
| What is porosity? | the amount of moisture hair can absorb; the cuticle will either be compact and resistant or rough and porous. |
| Which component of hair is defined as the thickness or diameter of an individual hair strand? | texture |
| What phase of the hair growth cycle is the hair shed? | telogen phase |
| In which phase of the hair growth cycle does the follicle canal shrink and detach from the dermal papilla? | catagen phase |
| What is the growth phase of hair? | anagen phase |
| What % of hair is protein? | 90% |
| What are the three types of salt bonds that link chains of amino acids together? | hydrogen, salt and disulfide |
| What type of alopecia is defined as hair loss in round or irregularly shaped patches caused by the immune system attacking hair follicles? | alopecia areata |
| What is hirsuties? | a hair disorder that causes terminal hair to grow on areas of a woman's body where only vellus hair typically grows. |
| Hair that has a beaded appearance due to narrowing of the hair shaft is________________. | monilethrix |
| What treatment is recommended for someone with trichorrhexis nodosa? | softening the hair with conditioners; trichorrhexis nodosa is a defect in the hair shaft characterized by thickening or weak points (nodes) that cause the hair to break off easily. |
| What is trichoptilosis? | split ends |
| What hair disorder is caused by loss of the hair's natural pigment? | canities |
| What is pediculosis capitis? | headlice |
| If a clients hair is brittle and there are circular-shaped lesions on the scalp with red spots at the opening of the hair follicles, the client is likely infected with______________> | tinea capitis |
| What is the technical term for dandruff? | pityriasis capitis |
| What is the technical term for brittle hair? | Fragilatias crinium |
| What scalp disorder is characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup like crusts on the scalp? | tinea favosa |
| What term refers to an acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain? | furuncle |
Created by:
Mrs. Worsham
Popular Science sets