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Bio Ch. 11

Evidence for Evolution

TermDefinition
evolution a change in the inherited characteristics of a group of organisms over generations
artificial selection process by which individuals display specific traits through selective breeding
selective breeding humans allow only individuals with certain inherited characteristics to mate
natural selection process by which individuals with advantageous inherited characteristics for a particular environment survive & reproduce at a higher rate than do individuals with other, less useful characteristics
adaptation an evolutionary process by which a population becomes better matched to its environment over time through natural selection
fossil the mineralized remains or impressions of formerly living organisms
adaptive trait a feature that gives an individual better function than competitors
common ancestor a single organism from which many species have evolved
common descent when a group of organisms share a common ancestor
homologous trait similar features in species that have common descent
vestigial trait features that are inherited from a common ancestor but no longer used
DNA sequence similarity a measure of how closely related two DNA molecules are to each other
biogeography the geographic locations where its fossils will be found
embryonic development how an embryo grows & develops
what characteristics do all mammals share they maintain a stable body temperature (warm blooded), have backbones, breathe air from lungs, & nurse their young from mammary glands
who becomes most successful in natural selection individuals who have the most offspring
6 lines of evidence for evolution direct observation through artificial selection, fossil evidence, shared characteristics among living organisms, similarities & differences in DNA, biogeographic evidence, & common patterns of embryo development
transitional fossils evidence of species with similarities to the ancestral group & similarities to the descendant species
fossil record the relative depth or distance from the surface of Earth at which a fossil is found indicates its order in the fossil record
how does embryonic development support evolution embryos may mirror early development stages of ancestral forms & shared patterns among species are caused by descent from a common ancestor
Created by: nat.riv
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