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Chapter 10

Stupid Rock Science

QuestionAnswer
What is the climate system? includes all of the components of the earth's system and their interactions. Each component is able to store and transport mass and energy
What are the 5 main components of our climate system? atmosphere, hydroshpere, cyroshpere, lithosphere, and biosphere
What is the greenhouse effect? Carbon dioxide and other green house gases absorb radiation that has been emitted off of the sun. The radiation is emitted in all directions which make the earth warmer just like a green house.
Was the twentieth century warming caused by human activities? rise of 0.6 degrees Celsius in earth's average surface temperature correlates with the rise of CO2 in our atmosphere. A lot of it has to do with fossil fuel burning and deforestation.
How do glaciers form? Glaciers are formed in places that are cold enough to transform snow into ice rather than melting. As snow accumulates, the glacier begins to thicken until gravity pulls its weight down hill.
accumulation = ablation size of glacier remains constant
accumulation exceeds ablation glacier grows
ablation exceeds accumulation glacier shrinks
How do glaciers shape the landscape? - glaciers scrape boulder rocks into fine dust - valley glaciers create fjords by eroding their valleys below sea level - glaciers transport huge quantities of sediment to the ice front
ablation when glaciers accumulate enough ice, and it begins to flow downhill losing ice in the process
accumulation the amount of ice that is added to the glacier annually
albedo the fraction of solar energy that is reflected by the surface
climate described as average weather conditions at a point on the earth's surface during daily, yearly, and long-term cycles of solar forcing
climate system all of the different components on the earth's system and how they interact
continental glacier thick, slow-moving sheet of ice that covers a large part of the continent
El nino unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Pacific
fjord arms of sea carved out by glaciers
glacial cycle a climate cycle that involves the alternation between a cold glacial period, or ice age, and a warm interglacial period.
greenhouse effect Gases act like glass in a green house in which they allow light energy to pass through, but they trap heat in the atmosphere making the surface warmer
greenhouse gas water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone come from the sun and are radiated off of the earth's surfaceice age
ice age any period of time during which glaciers covered a large part of the earth's surface
interglacial period A period of warmer temperatures between two ice ages.
kettle A hollow or undrained depression that often has steep sides and may be occupied by a pond or lake
Milankovitch cycle periodic variation in earth's movement around the sun
moraine A ridge formed by the till deposited at the edge of a glacier.
negative feedback change in one component is reduced by the change it induces in another component
positive feedback change in one component is enhanced by the changes it induces in other components
stratosphere above the troposphere, dryer layer that extends at an altitude of 50 km
thermohaline circulation an oceanic circulation pattern that drives the mixing of surface water and deep water
till unstratified and poorly sorted sediment
tillite lithified ancient tills
troposhpere the layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth's surface - average thickness of 11 km
twentieth century warming btw the end of the end of 19th century and the beginning of the 21 century, the average annual surface temperature rose by 0.6 degrees Celsius
U-shaped valley characteristic of a valley that is created by glaciers
valley glacier rivers of ice that form in cold heights of mountain ranges and flow down valleys
Created by: Belly-button
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