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Unite 3 Topic 1-4

Cell Communication, Signal Transduction

QuestionAnswer
Direct Contact Communication through cell junctions
Gap Junction Animal Cell
Plasmodesmata Plant Cell
Hormones Sending signals into the bloodstream and tissues.
Reception The detection and receiving of a ligand by a receptor in the target cell
Transduction conversion of extracellular signal to an intercellular signal that will bring about a cellular response.
Receptor Accepts ligand into the cell Can be in: plasma membrane(large or polar) or intracellular(pass through plasma membrane, found in cytoplasm or nucleus)
Ligand Single molecule
Second Messenger Small, non-protein molecules and ions help relay the message(brodcast) and amplify(more) the response
GPCR G protein coupled receptors
Ligand-gated ion channel When ligand binds to the receptor(gate) opens or closes allowing the diffusion of specific ions to pass.(lead to a cellular respons)
Protein Kinase Adding phosphate to the enzyme
Protein Phosphate Dephosphorylation(remove p) by the enzyme
cAMP Common Second Messenger
Response Final molecule in the signaling pathway converts to a response that will alter(change) a cellular process
Signaling Substances dissolved in the cytoplasm can pass freely between adjacent cell
Local Regulators A secreting cell will release chemical messages(local regulator/ligands) that travel a short distance through the extracellular fluid
Chemical messages Cause response in a target cell
Paracrine Signaling Growth factors
Synaptic Signaling Neurons secrete neurotransmitters
Long Distance Signaling Uses hormones for long distance signaling
Long Distance Signaling(Plant) Release hormones that travel in the plant vascular tissue or through the air to reach target tissues.
Long Distance Signaling (Animal) Uses endocrine signaling(exit). Specialized cells release hormones into the circulatory system where they reach target cells.
Signal Transduction Pathway regulates protein activity through protein kinase and Protein phosphate.
Created by: SquidPant
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