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The universe
I hate science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What factors determine a stars apparent magnitude? | Luminosity (how much light it emits) and Distance from Earth (greater the distance, dimmer the star) |
| High mass stars... | Generate more heat and burns hydrogen faster (short life span) |
| What happens to the core in a main sequence star? | Hydrogen inside it is fusing to helium |
| Low mass stars turn into a... | Red giant |
| High mass stars turn into a... | Super giant |
| Death of a super giant | Once cannot fuse anymore, gravity pulls the outer shell quickly towards the core causing a supernova and forms a nebula |
| What happens to a white dwarf | Once heat energy is lost it becomes a black dwarf |
| What happens to the core of a supernova | If the mass is 1.4X to 3X mass of the sun it becomes a neutron star. If mass is more than 3X the sun it becomes a black hole |
| How is the distance to stars calculated? | As the Earth orbits the sun, a close star will appear to move against the background of very distant stars. Distance = Distance from Earth/tan(1/2 parallax angle) |
| What is blue shift? | Light waves emitted from an object moving towards an observer are pushed together. Wavelengths decrease making light appear 'bluer'. |
| The further away a galaxy... | The more light is red-shifted |
| Photons are | Fusion in stars that produce energy in the form of light particles |
| Fusion | The process of combining atoms to form larger atom. |
| Luminosity | The amount of energy radiated by a star per second. |
| Fusion energy causes... | Outwards force |
| Gravity causes | Inward force |
| Absolute magnitude | A stars brightness observed 10 parsec away (32 light years) |
| Apparent Magnitude | A stars brightness when observed from Earth |
| Star colours from hottest to coolest | Blue, White, Yellow, Red |
| Higher the brightness... | Higher the temperature |
| Star life cycle order | Nebula, protostar, main sequence star, giant star |
| Explain a nebula star | Clouds of dust and gas (mostly hydrogen) floating in space |
| Explain a protostar | Gravity pulling nebula dust and hydrogen together to generate heat to begin fusion of hydrogen and helium. |
| Explain a main sequence star | Once fusion stars, energy is released. |
| Explain a giant star | Becomes a giant star when all the hydrogen has fused to helium, The core begins to contract from gravity since there is no fusion The core begins to heat up again. Hydrogen in the outer shell fuses from core heat causing the outer shell to expand and cool |
| Low mass stars... | Generate less heat and burns hydrogen slower (long life span) |
| Death of a red giant | Outer layer forms a nebula whilst the core remains as a white giant |
| What is stellar parallax? | parallax is the change of somethings position depending on the angle you look at it |
| What is the steady state model? | It explains how the universe is infinite in size and new galaxies are created to fill the gaps as the universe expands (not possible since Law of Conservation of Mass) |
| What is the Big Bang Theory? | The universe is constantly expanding and the galaxies move further apart. |
| What is red shift? | Light waves emitted from an object moving away from an observer are pulled apart. Wavelengths increase making light appear 'redder'. |
| What is cosmic microwave background radiation? | radiation left over from the Big Bang after the universe expanded and cooled |
Created by:
Maaddiee
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