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APES MOD 6

population

TermDefinition
exponential growth Growth in which some quantity, such as population size or economic output, increases at a constant rate per unit of time. An example is the growth sequence 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and so on; when the increase in quantity over time is plotted, this type of gro
birth rate crude birth rate
crude death rate Annual number of deaths per 1,000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year
death rate See crude death rate
emigration Movement of people out of a specific geographic area
family planning Providing information, clinical services, and contraceptives to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have.
immigration Migration of people into a country or area to take up permanent residence
life expectancy Average number of years a newborn infant can be expected to live.
migration Movement of people into and out of a specific geographic area.
biotic potential Maximum rate at which the population of a given species can increase when there are no limits on its rate of growth.
dieback Sharp reduction in the population of a species when its numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat
K-selected species Species that produce a few, often fairly large offspring but invest a great deal of time and energy to ensure that most of those offspring reach reproductive age.
r-selected species Species that reproduce early in their life span and produce large numbers of usually small and short-lived offspring in a short period.
survivorship curve Graph showing the number of survivors in different age groups for a particular species
age structure Percentage of the population )or number of people of each sex) at each age level in a population
crude birth rate Annual number of live births per 1,000- people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year
demographic transition Hypothesis that countries, as they become industrialized, have declined in death rates followed by declines in birth rates.
fertility The number of births that occur to an individual woman or in a population
infant mortality rate Number of babies out of every 1,000 born each year that die before their first birthday.
population change An increase or decrease in the size of a population, It is equal to (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration)
replacement-level fertility Number of children a couple must have to replace them. The average for a country or the world usually is slighty higher than 2 children per couple (2.1 in the United States and 2.5 in soe developing countries) because some children die before reaching
total fertility rate (TFR) Estimate of the average number of children who wwill be born alive a woan during her lifetime if she passes thorugh all her childbearing years (ages 15[[endash]]44) conforming to age-specific fertility rates of a given year, In simpler terms, it is a
carrying capacity Maximum population of a particular species that a given habitat can support over a given period
environmental resistance All the limiting factors that act together to limit the growth of a population
logistic growth Pattern in which exponential population growth occurs when the population is small, and population growth decreases steadily with time as the population approaches that carrying capacity
population density Number of organisms in a particular population found in a specified area or volume
population dispersion General pattern in which the members of a population are arranged throughout its habitat
population distribution Variation of population density over a particular geographic area. For example, a country has a high population density in its urban areas and a much lower population density in rural areas.
Density Dependent Factor Factors whose effects on the size or growth of the population vary with the population density. Examples include food, predation
Density Independent Factor Any factor limiting the size of a population whose effect is not dependent on the number of individuals in the population. Examples usually include natural disasters
Created by: Jinny1255
Popular Earth Science sets

 

 



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