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Biology

Biology - Unit 9 - WGU

QuestionAnswer
ECOLOGY Branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.
POPULATION All the individuals of the same species that occupy the same area & are likely to breed with one another.
BIOSPHERE All areas on, within, & around the planet Earth that are capable of supporting life.
COMMUNITY All of the population interacting with each other within a specified area
INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTION Effect of one population on another in a community; any interaction between members of different species. This is a type of community interaction & has three subtypes: mutualism, predation, & competition
SYMBIOSIS Type of direct community interaction between pairs of species that are intimately & physically connected, with a smaller species (sympiont) living in or on the body of a larger species (host). "Together living"
MUTUALISM Type of interspecific interaction where both species benefit
PREDATION Type of interspecific interaction where one species (predator) kills & eats the other species (prey)
HERBIVORY Feeding on plants
COMPETITION Type of interspecific interaction where both species are harmed
PARASITISM Symbiotic relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it harm
COMMENSALISM Organism that must eat or absorb complex food molecules derived from the bodies of the other organisms. Consumers get their energy & nutrients from such food molecules. Humans & other animals are consumers, as are fungi & most bacteria.
FOUNDATION SPECIES Physically dominant species (largest/most abundant) in communities.
KEYSTONE SPECIES Species that has an unexpectedly strong effect on the stability or diversity of a community that is much larger than its abundance or biomass would suggest.
BIOTIC Adjective that describes living organisms or their remains. Use energy & raw materials to grow, sense, & respond to changing environments; they reproduce; & they consist of one or more cells.
ABIOTIC Adjective that describes nonliving materials in the environment, such as sunlight, rain, gases in the air, rocks, & chemicals in the soil.
ECOSYSTEM All the living (biotic) things in a particular area together with the abiotic (nonliving) materials & conditions in that area. (a biological community & its physical environment)
TROPHIC LEVELS Any of the sequential stages in a food chain, occupied by producers at the bottom & in turn by primary, secondary, & tertiary consumers. Decomposers (detritivores) are sometimes considered to occupy their own.
PRODUCERS Organisms that make simple organic food molecules from inorganic raw materials using light energy from the sun & don't consume other living organisms to obtain nutrients. Trophic level 1. (Plants, algae, & cyanobacteria)
PRIMARY CONSUMERS Organisms that consume or feed on plants. Often used in terms of a specific trophic level. Herbivores.
SECONDARY CONSUMERS Organisms that consume or feed on primary consumers. Often used in terms of a specific trophic level. Carnivores or omnivores.
DETRIVORES Animals that feed on dead organic matter. Some specialize on eating dead animals (vultures) & others feed on dead plant material (earthworms)
WATER CYCLE Biogeochemical cycle through which water moves between the oceans, atmosphere, glaciers, soil, & fresh water.
CARBON CYCLE Biogeochemical cycle through which carbon flows between the atmosphere, water, land, & ecosystems.
NITROGEN CYCLE Biogeochemical cycle through which nitrogen moves through terrestrial ecosystems. Bacteria play multiple roles, including nitrogen fixation & decomposition. .
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Metabolic pathway that uses light energy to build carbohydrates from CO2. Overall equation is: CO2 + H20 + light → sugar + O2
MATTER Anything that occupies space & has mass. The substance, consisting of atoms & subatomic particles, composing all physical objects.
SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES Solutions that meet human economic & social needs while preserving the productivity or biodiversity of ecosystems over a long period of time.
RENEWAL RESOURCES Material used or consumed by humans that can be replenished sufficiently to prevent complete consumption of that material. This is done through growth or other ongoing processes.
PHYSICAL DISTURBANCE Hum. reshape phys. structure of ecosystems: clearing for., suppr./setting fires, bldg roads/cities, mining, maint. croplands, & bldg dams - leads to biodiversity loss. Increases for. fires, floods, droughts, soil eros., landslides, & other phys. hazards.
MATERIAL DEPLETION Material used or consumed by humans that is nearing or at depletion & may not be replenishable.
POLLUTION Materials released or discarded by humans that harm human health or life in ecosystems.
HABITAT LOSS Humans destroy/change a habitat so that it no longer supports the growth & reproduction of a species. Most important direct threat to biodiversity worldwide. (i.e. clearing forests, plowing & overgrazing grasslands, damming rivers, & draining wetlands.
INTRODUCED SPECIES Non-native species that are introduced in new habitats & compete, often out-compete, species native to the habitat. Particularly important on islands where the predators may decimate native prey species that are not adapted to their presence.
OVERHARVESTING Hunting, fishing, logging, gathering, & so on - removes individuals more quickly than they can be reproduced by natural reproduction.
ANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Worldwide impact of climate change likely caused by human activity.
SPECIES RICHNESS The number of different species of organisms present in a given area. This is a statistic used to describe an ecological community.
NONRENEWABLE RESOURCE Resources that are in a limited supply in the earth & typically take millions of years to produce. (fossil fuels, minerals, & metals)
Created by: StubbyJane
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