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Pharmacotherapeutics

QuestionAnswer
What are the three category of pharmacotherapeutics? 1) Drug/Medication 2) Biologic 3) Natural health product (NPH) NB:don't forget there difference
What are the factors affecting drug administration route? Drug to target tissues Clinical setting Medical situation Drug Dynamics
List the routes of drug administration? Oral (PO) ,Topical Sublingual (SL) Intranasal (insufflation) Inhalation,rectal Endotracheal (ET),Transdermal,Intramuscular (IM),Subcutaneous (SC)Intraosseous Epidural + Spinal (intrathecal)........
Compare and contrast the different root of drug administration? See your ppt sand book Clearly know each roots
What is the difference between Pharmacokinetics & dynamics? see your ppt /book
What are the four phase of Pharmacokinetics? ADME
Discuss facters that affect molecular kinetics? molecular characteristics Charge “ionized” : positive or negative non-ionized = not charged ‘acid-to-acid’, Lipophillicity vs hydrophilicity Size membrane transport Passive = diffusion; osmosis; facilitated diffusion Active
Discuss the general rule of ADME ? lipophilic, non-ionized, small = easy Absorption & Distribution hydrophilic, ionized = easy Excretion
.......is time for drug to reach systemic circulation A.Absorption B.Distribution C.Metabolism, D. Excretion A
What does it mean first path metabolism and how it affect drug absorption? see your ppt /book
What does bioavailability and therapeutic range mean? see your ppt /book
-------is the ratio between TD50 : ED50 TI NB:smaller number = higher risk
List at list three drugs with narrow TI? Digoxin (Lanoxin) Warfarin (Coumadin) Phenytoin (Dilantin) Tacrolimus (Prograf, Astagraf)
Discuss factors affecting drug distribution blood flow to the tissue (=> CO, BBB, injury,..) size of the tissue molecular characteristics (lipophillicity, size, ….) PPB
-------is an enzymatic chemical conversion to prepare the drug/substance for excretion Metabolism (aka biotransformation)
Discuss the phases of metabolism? See your ppt /book
----is primary metabolizing organ Liver
-----is primary organ of excretion Kidney
What are the factors affecting drug excretion Molecular characteristics: ionization, hydrophilicity, small size Cardiac Output Renal fx......
---------is the rate of elimination of drug in an hour’ Clearance (Cl)
Discuss the difference between 1st and zero elimination kinetics See your ppt /book
--------is time required for a drug plasma concentration to decrease by one half Half-life (t ½)
List the 6 major receptor types that supports pharmacodaynamics of drugs 1. G-protein (GPCR) 2. Ion channels 3. Nuclear receptors 4 & 5. Enzyme types 6. Non-enzyme ‘JAK-STAT’
Discuss the difference between affinity, efficacy and potency see your ppt /book
How you describe agonist,partial agonist, inverse agonist and antagonist See your ppt /book
Is there any difference between tolerance & resistance? See your ppt /book
What are the most common reported overdose drugs? Acetylsalicylic acid Acetaminophen/ Fentanyl Cocaine Benzodiazepines (sedative/hypnotic) Alcohol (ETOH) Antidepressants
What are the nine rights of medication administration ?
Created by: aynalem
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