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Biology

Biology - Unit 8 - WGU

TermDefinition
EVOLUTION Scientific theory explaining how & why genetic changes occur in populations or higher-level groups over generations of time.
MICROEVOLUTION Occurs when the type or frequency of the alleles & genotypes in a population change over one to many generations of time.
NATURAL SELECTION Process by which nature (environment & all its components) impacts the evolution of a population.
MACROEVOLUTION Change in a biological lineage including the origin or extinction of species. Beyond the species level.
POPULATION All the individuals of the same species that occupy the same area & are likely to breed with one another
SPECIES Group of organisms whose members can & will breed with each other to produce fertile offspring.
GENOTYPE Alleles (one version of a gene) present in an organism
SELECTION Process where characteristics of a pop change predictably over many generations. Natural: favors traits that aid in survival to reproductive age/Sexual: favors traits that boost mating success/Artificial: favors traits that are chose by human breeders
PHENOTYPES Physical or physiological characteristic present; also defined as the manifestation of the genes in an organism
FITNESS A measure of reproductive success in organisms. If an individual is high in this it has been able to reproduce & pass on its traits to its offspring.
SEXUAL SELECTION Arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION Deliberate mating between two individuals who were selected based on desired traits
MUTATIONS Changes to the DNA nucleotide sequence. Permanent, irreversible, & heritable change in DNA
GENE FLOW Result of fertile members of a species moving into or out of a population
GENETIC DRIFT Change in a gene pool as a result of random chance
ADAPTATION Adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, & structure of an organism to become more suited to an environment.
SPECIATION EVENT When an existing species splits or branches into two or more new species that evolve independently of each other.
SPECIATION Formation of new biological lineage as one species splits into two or more species.
HOMOLOGOUS FEATURES Shared features/traits that were inherited from the same source & reflect common ancestry. Based in genes (not acquired through learning or the environment)
FOSSIL RECORD Total number of fossils that have been discovered, as well as to the information derived from them.
PHYLOGENETIC TREES (Phylogeny) Tree diagram that represents a hypothesis as to how a biological lineage may have branched & formed clades over time. Subject to change as more data are gathered & as analysis techniques improve.
Created by: StubbyJane
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