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Semester 1 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ribosome | Protein making site in the cell |
| Cell Membrane | Controls what enters and leaves the cell |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Transports materials throughout the cell |
| Chloroplast | Makes food for the cell |
| Cell Wall | Provides structure and support for the cell |
| Vacuole | Stores excess food, water, and wastes |
| Nucleus | Controls the functions of the cell |
| Cytoplasm | Jelly-like fluid of the cell that holds the organelles |
| Mitochondria | Produces energy for the cell |
| cell wall, large vacuole, chloroplasts | Three organelles found in a plant cell and not an animal cell |
| Prokaryote | A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| Eukaryote | A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| Organelle | A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| Unicellular | Made of a single cell |
| Multicellular | Made up of more than one cell |
| Golgi Body | Packages proteins and distributes them through the cell |
| Lysosomes | Round structure that contains digestive enzymes that destroy worn out or damaged organelles |
| Diffusion | The process by which molecules in a cell move from high to low concentration |
| Osmosis | Movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane |
| Passive transport | Movement of materials through the cell membrane that does not require energy |
| Active transport | Movement of material through the cell membrane that does require energy |
| Semi-Permeable | The cell membrane that allows some substances to pass through and others cannot is called ____________. |
| Photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose |
| Oxygen | Combines with glucose during cellular respiration to produce ATP |
| Carbon dioxide + water | Raw material for photosynthesis |
| Mitochondria | Organelle in which cellular respiration takes place |
| Sun (light energy) | Source of energy for photosynthesis |
| Glucose + oxygen | Raw materials for cellular respiration |
| False | True or false: Cellular respiration occurs in animals but not in plants |
| True | True or false: Photosynthesis occurs in plants but not in animals |
| Muscular system | Body system that enables the body to move, moves food through the digestive system, and keeps the heart beating |
| Nervous system | Body system that detects information from the environment and directs the way your body responds to this information |
| respiratory system | Body system that takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide |
| Digestive system | Body system that takes food into the body, breaks down food, and absorbs the digested materials |
| Immune system | Body system that protects the body against pathogens |
| Excretory system | Body system that collects and removes waste from the body |
| Cardiovascular system/ Circulatory system | Body system that carries needed materials to the body cells and carries wastes away from body cells |
| Cell | Basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells that perform the same function |
| Organ | A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body |
| Organ system | A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
| Organism | A living thing, composed of various organ systems |
| Asexual reproduction | Method of reproduction involving one parent |
| Sexual reproduction | Method of reproduction involving two parents |
| Fertilization | When a sperm cell joins with an egg cell |
| Zygote | The cell that is created when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell |
| Sexual reproduction | Method of reproduction resulting in offspring that are similar to both parents |
| Asexual reproduction | An advantage of this method of reproduction is that organisms do not need a mate to produce offspring |
| Sexual reproduction | Advantages of this method of reproduction include greater genetic variation and a higher survival rate |
| Traits | Physical characteristics that are studied in genetics |
| Genes | Factors that control traits |
| Alleles | Different forms of genes |
| Phenotype | Physical appearance or expression of a genetic trait |
| Genotype | An organism's genetic makeup |
| Hybrid & Heterozygous | Give TWO terms describing a genotype consisting of one dominant and one recessive allele |
| Purebred & Homozygous | Give TWO terms describing a genotype consisting of two alleles that are the same |
| Chromosomes | Structures that carry genes; located in the nucleus of the cell |
| Punnett square | Tool used to predict the results of a genetic cross |
| Probability | The likelihood that a future event will occur |
| Recessive allele | An allele that is covered up when a dominant allele is present |
| Genetics | The scientific study of heredity |
| Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Adapt/Evolve | Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated in the example: A bird has feathers and hollow bones to help it fly. |
| Growth & development | Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated in the example: Humans go through stages from infancy through adolescence to old age. |
| Obtain & use energy | Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated in the example: Plants use sunlight to make food in the process of photosynthesis. |
| Adapt/Evolve | Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated in the example: Finches that eat seeds developed strong beaks to crack seeds |
| Reproduce | Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated in the example: Living things are able to make duplicates of themselves through the exchange of genetic material |
| Reproduction | Which characteristic of life is NOT necessary for an individual to stay alive? |
| Adapt/Evolve | Which characteristic of life helps a species survive in a changing environment? |
| Growth | Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated in the example: "That boy shot up 5 inches in only one year!" |
| Reproduction | Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated in the example: "Our cat had a litter of kittens yesterday." |
| Development | Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated in the example: "My dog has become much less clumsy now that he is a year old." |
| Obtain & use energy | Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated in the example: "Eat a good breakfast and you will be able to run longer." |
| Response to stimuli | Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated in the example: "When that car pulled into the driveway, my cat ran to hid under the porch." |
| Made of cells | Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated in the example: "Single celled organisms live in the pond behind school." |
| Maintains homeostasis | Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated in the example: "Your body normally maintains a temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit." |
| Adapt/Evolve | Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated in the example: A giraffe uses its long neck to eat from the high branches of a tree |
Created by:
Katie_Hartley
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