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BioL Chp. 16
Innate Immunity
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| perforins | create holes in plasma membranes, leading to cytolysis |
| cytolysis | the rupture of the cell |
| innate immunity | refers to non-specific bodily defenses against foreign organisms and substances |
| skin | provides a physical barrier to foreign substances and microbes |
| mucus | help to protect epithelial surfaces |
| normal microbiota | keep other microbes from colonizing the host |
| phagocytes | white blood cells that envelope microbes and digest them; ingest foreign microbes or cellular debris through phagocytosis; often follow behind natural killer cells |
| inflammation | delivers more blood to the infected region to combat microbes and repair tissue damage; a non-specific body reaction to tissue damage; characterized by redness, pain, heat and swelling |
| fever | increases metabolic activity and decreases most microbial growth; an abnormally high body temperature |
| antimicrobial agents | target and destroy microbes and deny them of necessary nutrients |
| natural killer (NK) cells | target and destroy infected body cells; contain granules filled with toxic substances |
| granzymes | cause a cell to undergo apoptosis |
| macrophages | mature phagocytic cell; come in two categories |
| fixed macrophages | reside in specific tissues |
| free macrophages | move about the body freely and congregate at infection or inflammation sites |
| mononuclear phagocytic system | located in the reticular connective tissue; both categories of macrophages are in this |
| adherence | the attachment of the phagocyte to the microbe |
| opsonization | coating the microbe with proteins to improve adherence |
| ingestion | the engulfment of the microbe |
| lactoferrin | a type of transferrin found in secretory fluids |
| ferritin | stores iron ions in the liver, spleen, and red bone marrow |
| hemoglobin | found in red blood cells |
| chemotaxis | the chemical attraction of phagocytes to microbes, through various chemicals and substances |
| digestion | the merging of a lysosome with the microbe |
| acute inflammation | an intense but short-lives inflammation response |
| chronic inflammation | less intense, but longer lasting than acute inflammation |
| margination | the adhesion of phagocytes to the inner lining of blood vessels and is triggered by the presence of cytokines |
| diapedesis | the migration of phagocytes from the blood vessel into the damaged tissue area |
| pyrogens | chemicals that induce the hypothalamus to increase body temperature; can originate from microbes or directly from the body |
| complement system | proteins that help target microbe for cytolysis and phagocytosis; stimulates inflammation |
| interferons | proteins designed to interfere with viral multiplication within cells |
| iron-binding proteins | sequester iron ions from microbes infecting the body |
| antimicrobial peptides | short protein chains with a wide variety of germicidal properties |
| classical pathway | involves activation of the complement system through antibody binding |
| alternative pathway | involves activation of the complement system through direct contact with a pathogen |
| lectin pathway | involves lectins; lectins bind to carbohydrates on microbes activating the complement system |
| lectins | proteins that bind carbohydrates |
| transferrin | transports iron ions throughout the body |
Created by:
kaitejules
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