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Biology

Biology - Unit 7 - WGU

TermDefinition
RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA) Nucleic acid composed of nucleotides in a single strand whose primary function is protein synthesis.
DNA REPLICATION Synthesis of a new DNA double helix. Each strand in the existing double helix is used as a template strand to build a new DNA strand.
MUTATION Changes to the DNA nucleotide sequence
COMPLIMENTARY BASE PAIRING Hydrogen bonding that occurs between specific nucleotides on opposing strands of DNA or RNA. DNA - adenine is paired w/thymine, guanine is paired w/cytosine. When RNA is made from DNA, adenine is paired w/uracil, & guanine is paired w/cytosine.
REPLICATION Sequence of DNA that serves as a binding site for proteins involved in initiating DNA replication.
SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION Replication of DNA that produces two copies that each contain one of the original strands and one newly synthesized strand.
TEMPLATE STRAND DNA strand used by DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase to attach complimentary bases during DNA replication or RNA transcription.
TRANSCRIPTION Reading the DNA & encoding an mRNA molecule with information to be taken to protein-synthesizing regions of the cell.
TRANSLATION Synthesis of a polypeptide from the information in an RNA sequence.
AMINO ACIDS Small organic molecule w/the structure of an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, & an "R" group, which are all bonded to a single central carbon atom. Difference between the "R" group is what distinguishes one from another. Building blocks of proteins.
TRANSFER RNA (tRNA) Directly involved in protein synthesis, transports amino acids to ribosomes to be incorporated into an emerging protein.
RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA) Component of a ribosome, & assists with the process of translating the instructions for making proteins that are present in messenger RNA (mRNA)
MUTATIONS Changes to the DNA nucleotide sequence. Permanent, irreversible, & heritable change in DNA
CODON Sequence of three nucleotides in an mRNA molecule that specifies which amino acid should be added to a growing polypeptide chain.
Created by: StubbyJane
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