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BIOL 1030 Lab Mid
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Protozoa | name often used to refer to unicellular members of Protista that have animal-like characterisitcs heterotrophic: feeds on other organisms motile: using flagella cillia or pseudopods |
| contractile vacuoles | organelles of osmoregulation, sometimes seen in large cilliates |
| Paramecium | large cilliate, has a dark stained macronucleus |
| Volvox | colonial flagellate with small dark daughter colonies within. actually a green algae not a protozoan |
| Amoeba | has pseudopods |
| Foraminiferan | marine ameoboids that secrete calcareous tests. |
| Radiolarians | also marine ameoboids that produce siliceous tests, which are transparent like glass |
| Trypanosomes | parasitic flagellates that may live in the blood of vertebrates and cause a variety of serious diseases. Causes African sleeping sickness transmitted by the tsetse fly |
| Apicomplexa | represented by a Plasmodium. non-motile parasites seen within a blood smear. causes malaria in humans, other mammals, and birds. |
| Algae | members of the kingdom protista that can perform photosynthesis. |
| Chlorophyta | the green algae that comprise the largest phylum of algae. Includes both unicellular and colonial forms, with colonial forms ranging from filamentous to those with thalli (simple vegetative bodies without roots, stems or leaves) several feel long. |
| Chlamydomonas | a motile unicellular green alga. Reproduces by sexual reproduction. |
| Sexual reproduction | involves 2 processes: meiosis and syngamy. Meiosis leads to a halving of the chromosome number from diploid to haploid. Syngamy is gametic fusion which returns the cell to its diploid state. |
| Plasmogamy | fusion of call parts other than the nucleus |
| Karyogamy | fusion of nuclei |
| Zygotic Meiosis | the zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid offspring |
| isogamous | gametes identical in size |
| heterogamous | gametes unlike in size |
| Gametic Meiosis | what occurs in humans |
| Sporic Meiosis | haploid organism produces a gamete by mitosis, whereas the diploid organism (sporophyte) forms meiospores by meiosis of diploid spore mother cells. |
| Diatoms | from the phylum Bacillariophyta, are of considerable importance as members of the phytoplankton, the base of the food chain in both marine and freshwater environments. |
| Spore | reproductive cell of a fungi, either asexual or sexual, capable of development without fusion with another cell |
| Imperfect stage | asexual reproduction in fungi |
| Perfect stage | sexual reproduction in fungi. involves gametes produced within gametegania. |
| Sexual life cycle for Fungi | All have zygotic meiosis, meaning the vegetative body is haploid and that the zygote (the only diploid cell) undergoes meiosis. |
| Dikaryotic Hyphae | when two hyphae of different mating types come together and fuse. the two nuclei that are now associated in a common cytoplasm do not combine immediately but coexist for much of the life of the fungus. |
| Zygomycota | the fusion of hyphae leads directly to the formation of a zygote. |
| Ascomycota | Sac-fungi. Asci produced by a ascocarp. hyphal fusion leads to dikaryotic hyphae that form a part of a fruiting body within which zygotes are formed in characteristic sac-like structures. |
| Lichens | composite organism including both a fungus and a photosynthetic partner (alga or cyanobacteria) living together in symbiosis. |
| Basidiomycota | club fungi that contains the most familiar of all fungi. basidia is the name of the club-shaped reproductive organs. Have septate hyphae |
| Crustose | lichens have a thallus which is closely appressed to a substrate of a rock, bark, or other hard surface. Some are brad but others are bright colored. |
| Foliose | leaflike lichens that have a leaf-like thallus and often conspicuous ascocarp characteristics of the fungal component of the lichen. Found on tree trunks, falllen logs, and granite outcroppings. |
| Fruticose | shrublike lichens, the most conspicuous of all lichens. Consist of erect tubular or pendant branching structures, and are found on trees, dead branches or on the ground |
| Heterospory | producing two types of spores |
| Gametophyte in bryophytes | dominant life form |
| Sporophyte in bryophytes | smaller, attached and dependent on the gametophyte |
| Anthophyta | the single phylum composed of Angiosperm |
| Angiosperms | flowering plants |
| Eudicots | flower parts occuring in 4's or 5's, embryo's with 2 cotyledons, true secondary growth, stem vascular bundles in a ring, and net like leaf variation |
| Monocots | have flower parts in 3's, embyo's with one cotyledon, no true secondary growth, scattered stem bundles, and leaves with parallel venation. |
| Calyx | the sepals collectivley |
| Corolla | the petals collectivley |
| Perianth | sepals and petals all together |
| Hypogynous | the sepals, petals, and stamens, are attached to the receptacle below the base of the ovary. The ovary is in the SUPERIOR position |
| Perigynous | the sepals, petals, and stamens, are attached to an upward extension of the receptacle that surrounds the ovary. The ovary is in the SUPERIOR position |
| Epigynous | the bases of the sepals, petals, and stamen are all fused to one another and to the ovary wall and appear as seperate organs only above the top of the ovary. Ovary is in the INFERIOR position. |
| Flower Symmetry: Regular | all parts of each whorls are similar and radiate from the center |
| Flower Symmertry: Irregular | parts of at least one whorl vary from side to side producing bi-lateral symmetry. |
| Complete Flowers | flowers with all 4 whorls (calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium) |
| Incomplete Flowers | flowers lacking one or more whorls |
| Perfect Flowers | flowers who have both fertile whorls (stamens and carpels) |
| Monoecious | if both male and female flowers are present on the same plant |
| Dioecious | plants bears flowers of one sex only |
| Connation | when flower parts are fused with other parts of the same whorl |
| Adnation | petals are fused to form a corrola tube or with parts of another whorl |
| Double Fertilization | two haploid sperm enter the embryo sac via the pollen tube. One sperm nucleus fuses with the haploid egg nucleus to form a zygote and the other sperm nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei, resulting in a 3n primary endosperm nucleus. |
| Pericarp | ovary wall, differentiated into exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp |
| Simple Fruits | from a single pistil |
| Aggregate Fruits | from a number of separate carpels of a single flower |
| Multiple Fruits | from more than one flower |
| Pome | fleshy fruit, formed from accessory tissue, the pericarp forms a papery core surrounding the seeds APPLES |
| Drupes | stone fruit, fleshy outer pericarp with a stony endocarp (pit) surrounding the seed OLIVES |
| Berry | Pericarp more or less fleshy throughout |
| Pepo | a type of berry with a firm, hard, or woody exocarp fused to inner pericarp CUCUMBER |
| Hesperidium | a type of berry with septa between carpels and leathery exocarp that separates easily from the inner pericarp |
| Etoilation | term used to describe plants that have been growing in the dark |
| Xylem | transports water and nutrients |
| Phloem | transports everything else, dissolved organic matter |
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