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Earth Changes
Science Gr. 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evaporation | water turns from a liquid to a gas (water vapor) when heated |
| Condensation | water turns from a gas (water vapor) into a liquid when cooled |
| Precipitation | liquid water molecules collect in the clouds, become heavy and fall |
| Accumulation/collection | water collects on the surface of earth or underground |
| Geosphere | the parts of our planet that are solid (like the mantle and crust) |
| Hydrosphere | the part of a planet that's made of water. (Oceans, rivers, lakes, clouds) |
| Atmosphere | the layer of gases around the Earth that protects us from ultraviolet rays |
| Biosphere | all parts of and around Earth where life can be found, including all living things (plants, animals, bacteria) AND any place you can find life on or around Earth. |
| Crust | is the thin outermost layer of our planet (less than 1% of Earth’s volume) |
| Mantel | the solid bulk of Earth's interior, between the core and the crust (84% of Earth) |
| Outer Core | the only liquid layer, mainly made up of the hot metals iron and nickel |
| Inner Core | is made up of iron and nickel too, but is so deep in the earth that the pressure makes it a solid, even though it is also very hot |
| Pangaea | One supercontinent predicted to have broken apart millions of years ago to create what we know today as our large 7 continents |
| Panthalassa | The name given to the vast oceanic area that surrounded Pangaea |
| Tectonic Plates | Massive, irregularly shaped slabs of solid rock, which float on and move over the mantle |
| Convergent | Two plates pushing against each other, forcing one down and one up, forming mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes |
| Divergent | Two plates moving away from each other, forming rift valleys or volcanoes |
| Transform | Two plates that slide past each other horizontally causing earthquakes, often at the bottom of the ocean |
| Earthquake | When two large pieces of the Earth's crust (usually along edges of tectonic plates)suddenly slip causing shock waves to shake the Earth |
| Tsunami | A large ocean wave usually caused by an underwater earthquake or volcano |
| Landslide | a large amount of earth, rock, and other material that moves down a steep slope |
| Tornado | a violent rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground with wind speeds of up to 300 mph |
| Volcano | a vent, (opening) in Earth's surface through which molten rock, gasses, and ash erupt. Sometimes magma reaches the surface and flows slowly out of the vent as lava |
| Flood | an area of land that is normally dry, abruptly becomes submerged in water |
| Blizzard | a long-lasting snowstorm with very strong winds and intense snowfall |
| Weathering | the process where rock is dissolved, worn away or broken down into smaller and smaller pieces called sediments |
| Mechanical Weathering | When rocks break apart due to being scraped or hit (Abrasion), water freezing and expanding in them (Frost Wedging), or repeated heating and cooling (Thermal Stress) . |
| Chemical Weathering | When chemicals change rocks, like rust, or acid rain wearing away limestone |
| Organic Weathering | When animals or plant roots break up rocks |
| Erosion | When rocks and sediments are picked up and moved to another place by ice, water/waves, wind or gravity |
| Deposition | When sediments are deposited, or dropped off, in a different location, which changes the way the surface of the earth looks over time |
| Sediment | small pieces of rocks as well as plants and other organic matter |
| Igneous | rocks formed by the cooling and hardening of molten lava or magma |
| Sedimentary | rocks formed when sediment are under heavy pressure, or compressed, over a long period of time |
| Metamorphic | rocks formed when other rocks change from great temperatures and pressures. They do not melt, but the chemicals they contain may change their forms, or crystal shapes |
| Rock Cycle | The process a rock goes through to change from one kind of rock to another |
| Fossils | the remains or traces/impressions of plants and animals that lived long ago, mostly found in places that once lay underwater |
| Renewable Resources | Natural resources that are replaced naturally and can be used again. Examples are: oxygen, water, solar energy, and wood. They may become non-renewable resources if they are used faster than nature can replace them |
| Nonrenewable Resources | natural resources that cannot be replaced after they are used. Examples are: rocks, minerals, metals, and fossil fuels like oil and coal, and natural gas |
| Fossil Fuels | are natural fuels such as coal, gas, or oil that were formed millions of years ago from the remains of living things |
Created by:
abbyegan97
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