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Bio7,8,9
Topics 7,8, and 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Relating to the classification of fungi, state the domain and kingdom for fungi. | Kingdom Eukaryotic |
| Define mycology | The Study of Fungi |
| Evidence indicates that protists are the ancestors of fungi. State what are believed to be the characteristics of those protists. | Unicellular, flagellated, heterotropic Protists |
| Describe the mode of nutrition in fungi. | They have external digestion that decomposes organisms |
| Explain why some fungi produce antibiotics. | To inhibit the growth of other bacteria |
| State which fungi are unicellular and which are multicellular. | Yeasts are unicellular, everything else is multicellular |
| state and describe the main compound that makes up the cell wall; | Chitin |
| distinguish between haploid and diploid nuclei; | Haploid Nuclei 1 nucleus Diploid Nuclei 2 nucleus |
| describe a zygote and state how it is different from the other nuclei | Has a diploid Nucleous |
| describe a hypha | filament, Chain of cells |
| describe a mycelium | A mass of hypa that makes up the body of the fungu |
| distinguish between vegetative and reproductive sections of hyphae | vegative section has icomplete septum. Reproductive sections have complete septum |
| describe a septum, distinguish between complete and incomplete septa, and state wherein hyphae complete septa are found | Complete septum is seperated from the other cells, incomplete there is a gap, Complete septum are at the end |
| distinguish between septate and aseptate hyphae | Septate hypa have septum in it, Aseptate hypa have no septum |
| describe the coenocytic cytoplasm in aseptate hyphae | The cytoplasmic is coenocytic which means it is multnulcelic |
| distinguish between monokaryotic and dikaryotic hyphae | Mononkaryotic 1 type of nucleus. Dikaryotic 2 nucleuoses per cell |
| state what structures fungi produce and disperse that are the first cells of theiroffspring | Spores |
| state what spores grow into when they germinate | Hypha |
| state which fungi can reproduce asexually | All fungi |
| distinguish between sporangia and conidia | sporangia- a multicellular organ in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells developConidia. A haploid spore produced during asexual reporduction |
| describe a gametangium | a cell with multiple haploid nuclei that all are genetically the same formed by mitosis |
| distinguish between plasmogamy and karyogamy | Plasmogamy-cells fusingKaryogamy-Nucleuoses fusing |
| distinguish between mitosis and meiosis | Meiosis from zygote froms 4 haploid cellsMitosis makes 8 haploid cells from the 4 |
| explain why sexual reproduction leads to genetic variation and asexual reproductiondoes not. | Sexual reprodution is done by genetically different individuals to form a new offspring this makes it genetically different |
| List the 5 major phyla of fungi | ChytridiomycotaGlomeromycotaZygomycotaAscomycotaBasidiomycota |
| Chytrids...state the major characteristic of this group that does not occur in any other group of fungi | flagellated zoospores |
| describe a zoospore | Flagellated spore |
| Chytrids..explain why this taxonomic category is considered polyphyletic | Because it is a catch all group that can be divided into 3 different categories |
| describe arbuscular mycchorizae and explain why they are considered endomycchorizae | Mycchorizae- an association between a fungus and a plant. Endomycchorizae- It goes inside the root and forms a starburst looking hypa |
| describe an arbuscule | an association between a fungus and plant root system |
| distinguish between the zygosporangium and the zygospore | Zygosporangium- When the nucleuous have fused but the nucleuoses have not under gone KaryogmayZygospore- The diploid spores have they have undergone Karyogamy |
| Zygomycota..describe the process of sexual reproduction | be able to step through |
| distinguish between haploid and diploid nuclei; | Haploid Nuclei 1 nucleus Diploid Nuclei 2 nucleus |
| describe a zygote and state how it is different from the other nuclei | Has a diploid Nucleous |
| describe a hypha | filament, Chain of cells |
| describe a mycelium | A mass of hypa that makes up the body of the fungu |
| distinguish between vegetative and reproductive sections of hyphae | vegative section has icomplete septum. Reproductive sections have complete septum |
| describe a septum, distinguish between complete and incomplete septa, and state wherein hyphae complete septa are found | Complete septum is seperated from the other cells, incomplete there is a gap, Complete septum are at the end |
| distinguish between septate and aseptate hyphae | Septate hypa have septum in it, Aseptate hypa have no septum |
| describe the coenocytic cytoplasm in aseptate hyphae | The cytoplasmic is coenocytic which means it is multnulcelic |
| distinguish between monokaryotic and dikaryotic hyphae | Mononkaryotic 1 type of nucleus. Dikaryotic 2 nucleuoses per cell |
| state what structures fungi produce and disperse that are the first cells of theiroffspring | Spores |
| state what spores grow into when they germinate | Hypha |
| state which fungi can reproduce asexually | All fungi |
| distinguish between sporangia and conidia | sporangia- a multicellular organ in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells developConidia. A haploid spore produced during asexual reporduction |
| describe a gametangium | a cell with multiple haploid nuclei that all are genetically the same formed by mitosis |
| distinguish between plasmogamy and karyogamy | Plasmogamy-cells fusingKaryogamy-Nucleuoses fusing |
| distinguish between mitosis and meiosis | Meiosis from zygote froms 4 haploid cellsMitosis makes 8 haploid cells from the 4 |
| explain why sexual reproduction leads to genetic variation and asexual reproductiondoes not. | Sexual reprodution is done by genetically different individuals to form a new offspring this makes it genetically different |
| List the 5 major phyla of fungi | ChytridiomycotaGlomeromycotaZygomycotaAscomycotaBasidiomycota |
| Chytrids...state the major characteristic of this group that does not occur in any other group of fungi | flagellated zoospores |
| describe a zoospore | Flagellated spore |
| Chytrids..explain why this taxonomic category is considered polyphyletic | Because it is a catch all group that can be divided into 3 different categories |
| describe arbuscular mycchorizae and explain why they are considered endomycchorizae | Mycchorizae- an association between a fungus and a plant. Endomycchorizae- It goes inside the root and forms a starburst looking hypa |
| describe an arbuscule | an association between a fungus and plant root system |
| distinguish between the zygosporangium and the zygospore | Zygosporangium- When the nucleuous have fused but the nucleuoses have not under gone KaryogmayZygospore- The diploid spores have they have undergone Karyogamy |
| Zygomycota..describe the process of sexual reproduction | be able to step through |
| Describe Sporogenesis | the making of spores in asexual reproduction |
| distinguish between the spores produced by sexual reproduction and the spores producedby asexual reproduction | sexual spores are genetically differentAsexual spores are genetically the same |
| distinguish between the ascogonium and the antheridium and describe the structure andfunction of the trichogyne | Ascongonium-"female structure" recieves the nucleuosesAntheridia-"male" structure sends the nucleuousTrichogyne- A structure that goes between the antheridium and the Ascogonium and trasports nucleuouses |
| describe an ascus | a "sac" with 8 ascospores |
| describe an ascocarp | a "cup" with many asci(ascus) in it |
| Ascomycetes..describe the process of sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction | be able to step through process |
| describe a basidium | a "club" with 4 basidiospores coming out the top |
| describe a basidiocarp | a mushroom like structure that contains the basidium |
| distinguish between the primary mycelium and the secondary mycelium | Primary Mycelium-made up of monokaryotic hypaeSecondayr Mycelium-made entirely of dikaryotic hyphae |
| Basidiomycota..describe the process of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction | be able to step through |
| describe a symbiosis | a long term ongoing relationship between to species in which neither species die because of the relationship |
| distinguish between parasitic and mutualistic symbioses | Parasitic symbiosis- the parasite benifits the host gets hurtMutalistic symiosis-both parties benifit |
| describe the haustoria of fungal plant parasites | penitrating the plant cell but not killing it |
| Relating to the classification of plants, state the domain and kingdom for plants | Domain EukaryaKigdom Plantae |
| Define flora. | plant life |
| Define botany | the study of plants |
| State whether plants are: prokaryotic or eukaryotic; unicellular or multicellular; autotrophicor heterotrophic | eukatyotic, multicellular,autotrophic photosynthetic |
| Describe the structures that are found in plant cells but not in animal cells. | Chlorophylls a and b, cell wall made of cellulose, |
| Give examples of plant tissues and plant organs | Plant tissues-vascular tissues, produce glucose, store starchPlant Organs-stem,leaf,root,flowers, fruits, cones |
| Define vascular tissue and describe the 2 types of vascular tissues in plants | vascular tissues are trasnport tissuesXylem and Phloem |
| Give examples of terrestrial adaptations in plants | cuticle, stomata, vascular tissue |
| distinguish between sporophytes and gametophytes | sporophytes diploid generationgametophytes haploid generation |
| distinguish between sporangia and gametangia | sporangia makes haploid sporesgametangia makes antheridia and archegonia |
| state whether spores are produced by mitosis or meiosis | Meiosis |
| state whether gametes are produced by mitosis or meiosis | Mitosis |
| Distinguish between homosporous plants and heterosporous plants | homosporous plants- 1 type of sporesHeterosporous plants- 2 types of spores |
| distinguish between microspores and megaspores | microsporangia-makes antheridia then spermmegasporangia makes archegonia then an egg |
| Describe alternation of generations in homosporous plants | spends part of the time in the sporophyte generation and part in the gametophyte generation |
| Explain the criteria used to classify plants and list in order the general classificationcategories of plants | nonvascular,vascularseedless, seedproducinggymnosperms, angiosperms |
| Distinguish between nonvascular and vascular plants, including:a. presence and type of vascular tissues;b. dependency on a wet environment; and,c. which generation is dominant | nonvascular, no vascular tissues, wet enviroments, gameotophyte generation dominantVascular plants, vascular tissues,doesn't need wet enviroment, Sporophyte generation dominant |
| state the 3 phyla of nonvascular plants, state the common name of each phylum, and giveexamples of each phylum | 1. Bryophyta-mosses.e.g. sphagnum2.Hepatophyta-liverworts.e.g. marchantia3.Anthocerophyta-hornworts.e.g. anthoceros |
| describe rhizoids | rhizoids help anchor the plant to the soil |
| state the 2 phyla of seedless vascular plants, and give examples of each phylum | 1.Lycophyta-club mosses.e.g. lycopodium2.Pterophyta-ferns,horsetails.e.g.boston fir |
| describe a sorus. | a cluster of spore cases on the underside of some fern fronds |
| describe a strobilus | a cone that consists of closely packed fertile leaves bearing spore-producing organs |
| Relating to seed-producing vascular plants | read in notes how reproduction takes place |
| distinguish between pollination and fertilization | pollination- when a pollen grain lands on a stigmafertilzation-when the sperm fertilizes the egg |
| describe the terms “gymnosperms” and “angiosperms” | gymonsperms-naked seeds-conesangiosperms- covered seeds- flowers |
| state the 4 phyla of gymnosperms and give examples of each | Coniferophyta-conifers.e.g. pines,sprucesCycadophyta-cycads.eg. sage palmginkophyta-ginkophytes.e.g. ginko bilobagnetophyta-gnetophytes.e.g. welwitshia |
| state the structure where seeds are located in angiosperms | stamen |
| State what the buds can grow into | leafs, stems, branches |
| Describe trichomes. | an outgrowth of a plant's outer cell layer epidermis. Trichomes have various shapes and functions, and include root hairs. |
| distinguish between simple leaves and compound leaves | simple leaves have 1 leaf, compound leaves have several leaflets coming off |
| define stoma and stomata | a tiny pore in the outer layer epidermis of a plant leaf or stem that controls the passing of water vapor and other gases into and out of the plant |
| state the function of vascular tissues | to trasport nutrients and water |
| state the 2 types of xylem elements and describe their structures | Tracheids and vessels |
| state the 2 types of phloem elements, describe their structures, and describe theirrelationship to each other | sieve tube cellscompanion cells |
| describe an adventitious root | a root that comes out anywhere |
| state the 2 major categories of meristems and state whether they produce primary tissuesor secondary tissues | apical meristems primarylateral meristems secondary tissuelateral meristem |
Created by:
Johnfranck
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