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Chapter 11
Vocabulary Pt.1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cellular messaging | cells signal to each other and interpret signals they receive from other cells |
| epinepherine | chemical signal that initiates fight or flight response |
| signaling molecules | means of communication in multicellular organisms |
| local signaling | communication by direct contact, cell-cell recognition, or chemical signals |
| growth factors | stimulate nearby target cells to grow and divide |
| autocrine | cell signals itself through a chemical that it synthesizes and responds to |
| paracrine | chemical signal that diffuses into the area and interacts with receptors on nearby cells |
| synaptic | release of neurotransmitters at synapses in the nervous system. |
| endocrine | chemicals secreted into blood and carried by blood and tissue fluids to cells they act on |
| hormones | chemicals used by plants and animals |
| reception | target cells detect a signaling molecule that binds to a receptor protein on the surface, causes to change shape |
| transduction | the binding of signaling molecules alters receptor and starts a signal transduction pathway |
| response | transduced signal triggers a specific response in a target cell |
| g-protein coupled receptor | largest family of cell-surface receptors, work with the help of a g-protein |
| g-protein | proteins that are all very similar in structure, and bind with the energy rich GTP |
| receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) | membrane receptors that attach phosphates to tyrosines |
| human epidermal growth receptor | cancer cell that tells itself to grow and divide into more cells |
| intracellular receptor | proteins found in the cytoplasm or nucles of target cells |
| ligand gated ion channel receptor | acts as a gate when receptor changes shape |