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Chapter 11
Study Guide Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the different ways cells communicate with each other. | -Cell to cell -Chemical Signals (paracrine, autocrine,, synaptic, & endocrine) -Direct contact -Secreted signaling molecules |
| How do signal transduction pathways work? | It is a sequence of changes in a series of different molecules. -binding of signal molecule to receptor triggers 1st step - domino effect occurs until response protein is activated - the signal is transduced into a different form, changes shape |
| Describe how signals are received by cells | 1.Reception:detection of signaling molecule, binds to receptor molecule 2. Transduction:receptor molecule changes form 3. Response: transduced signal triggers cell response |
| Name and describe the different types of receptors. | -plasma membrane proteins:water soluble molecules bind to specific sites that transmit info from outside to inside of cell -Intracellular: found in the cytoplasm or nucleus of target cells. signal molecule passes through target cell's membrane |
| What happens to the protein when the receptor binds? | The protein becomes activated and signals the signal transduction pathway. |
| Describe G-protein linked receptors: | -largest family of cell surface receptors -work with the help of a g protein -widespread and very diverse -gtp replaces gdp, g protein and enzyme activates, ligand leaves and changes shape. -gtp - phosphate = inactive protein and enzyme |
| Describe ligand- gated channels: | -acts as a gate when receptor changes shape -signal molecule binds as a ligand to the receptor, gate allows specific ions through a channel |
| Describe Receptor tyrosine kinases: | - receptors that attach to phosphates and tyrosines - trigger multiple signal transduction pathways at once -abnormal function is associated with cancer. |
| Describe Voltage-gated ion channels | - channel opens or closes in response to a shift in voltage across plasma membrane |
| Describe Hormone- receptor complex | -hormone diffuses through the plasma membrane, binds to the receptor in the cytosol. hormone binding to receptor is the hormone- receptor complex. |
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akierah.w
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