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Chapter 7
Study Guide Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe structure of the cell membrane | -surrounds the cell -It is a fluid mosaic model of lipids and proteins. -Phospholipids bilayer -Contain aquaporins, that allow water to pass through |
| Explain why the membrane is selectively permeable | It is selectively permeable because of the molecules it is composed of. Hydrophobic things are soluble in lipids and pass easily, while polar molecules require specific transport proteins (don't pass easily) |
| How do membranes show fluidity? | -Held together by hydrophobic interactions -Constant, rapid movement -Most membrane proteins remain immobile, but others move sideways -Amount of unsaturated fats (kinky tails) -warm vs cool temperatures -cholesterol affects fluidity |
| Describe the components of a cell membrane | -Lipids (cholesterol) -Groups of Proteins(most amphipathic) that have a specific function -Phospholipids, and other amphipathic molecules -Aquaporins |
| How does each of the components function in the membrane? | -Phospholipids naturally form a membrane with their bilayer. shelters cells from water -Groups of Protein, carry out specialized, common functions -Lipids keep the molecules from packing tightly, maintains fluidity |
| How is passive transport different from active transport? | -Passive transport: diffusion with no energy investment. The concen. gradient represents potential energy and drives diffusion -Active transport: diffusion of a substance that requires energy. Moves against gradient with help from transport proteins |
| Describe the different types of active, passive, and bulk transport. | -Passive: Osmosis(water) Facilitated Diffusion (protein aids) -Active:Sodium Potassium Pump, Proton pump, cotransport -Bulk: Endocytosis, Exocytosis |
| How do the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis move large molecules | Endocytosis: forms vesicles from plasma mem, then forms pocket w material. (phag, pino, and receptor mediated) Exocytosis: transport vesicle membrane makes contact w plasma mem, proteins rearrange lipids of bilayers to fuse, then contents spill. |
| Describe osmosis | Osmosis is a type of passive transport. It is the diffusion of water across a membrane. The water diffuses based on the concentration gradient of a solute. Higher solute, lower concentration & vice versa. |
| Describe solution and solute movement into and out of a cell under hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic conditions. | Hypertonic: There is a greater concentration of solutes outside the cell, so it loses water. Hypotonic: Greater concentration in cells, cell gains water. Isotonic: No net movement of water, moves in and out at the same rate |
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akierah.w
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