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Apologia Biology M7
Apologia Exploring Creation with Biology Module 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| True breeding | An organism that always passes a certain characteristic on to its offspring |
| Allele | One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes |
| Genotype | Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait |
| Phenotype | The observable expression of an organism's genes |
| Homozygous genotype | A genotype in which both alleles are identical |
| Heterozygous genotype | A genotype with two different alleles |
| Dominant allele | An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype |
| Recessive allele | An allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous for that allele |
| Testcross | Breeding an organism displaying the dominant phenotype through several generations |
| Monohybrid | A cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait |
| Dihybrid cross | A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits |
| Autosomes | Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual |
| Sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| Carrier | Heterozygotes (individuals with one copy of an allele) for a recessive trait but do not exhibit the trait |
| Incomplete dominance | Inheritance pattern in which heterozygotes express the distinct phenotypes of both alleles |
| Antigen | A substance that when introduced into the blood, triggers the production of an antibody |
| Antibody | Proteins in your immune system used to attack specific antigens |
| Autosomal inheritance | Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome |
| Sex-linked inheritance | Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosome |
| Gene mutation | A radical change in the DNA of one or more alleles |
| Chromosomal mutations | Changes in the chromosome structure in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis |
| Nondisjunction | A situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete or more than one chromosome in the gamete |
| Genome | A complete set of an organism's genetic information encoded in its DNA |
| Short tandem repeats (STRs) | Short sequences of DNA (usually 2 to 6 base pairs long) that are repeated numerous times at various locations in the noncoding region of a chromosome |
| Restriction enzyme | An enzyme that recognizes and cuts DNA only at a specific sequence of nucleotides |
| Plasmid | A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code |
| Recombinant DNA | Taking DNA from two different species and combining them in one cell |
| Genetically modified organism (GMO) | An organism that has been genetically altered by humans |
| Transgenic organism | An organism that carries one or more genes from a different species |
Created by:
ljmell2000
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