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Apologia Biology M6

Apologia Exploring Creation with Biology Module 6

TermDefinition
Genetics The science that studies how characteristics are passed from parent to offspring
Genetics factors The general guideline of traits determined by a person's DNA
Environmental factors Those "nonbiological" factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as the nature of the person's parents, the person's friends, and the person's behavioral choices
Spiritual factors The factors in a person's life that are determined by the quality of his or her relationship with God
Gene The basic unit of heredity; a section of DNA that contains the code to produce a protein or portion of protein thereby causing a trait
Chromosome The condensed threads of chromatin (DNA coiled around and supported by proteins) found in the nucleus of the cell
Chromatin Long strands of clusters of DNA and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
DNA replication The process by which two identical DNA molecules are produced from one original DNA molecule
Chromatid One of the two identical copies of a replicated chromosome joined by a centromere
Centromere The region where two sister chromatids are joined tightly together
Triplet A three-base sequence on DNA
Codon A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
Anticodon A three-base sequence on rRNA
Mitosis A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells
Interphase The time interval between cellular reproductions
Cytokinesis The process, usually following mitosis or meiosis, in which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided in two
Karyotype The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs
Diploid A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs or two sets of chromosomes
Haploid cell A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair or half the total number of chromosomes
Diploid number (2n) The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell
Haploid number (n) The number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell (1/2 the total)
Meiosis The process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms gametes or haploid cells (n)
Gametes Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction
Zygote The result of sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the offspring
Tetrad Two homologous chromosomes consisting of four chromatids, two sister chromatids in each chromosome, coming together during prophase I of meiosis
Crossing over The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes
Created by: ljmell2000
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