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Biology Ch. 6
Ch. 6 Water & Macromolecules
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| macromolecule | large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together |
| organic compounds | contain carbon, found in living things and their products |
| polymer | a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules are bonded together, "many parts" |
| carbohydrates | organic compound with C, H, and O; includes sugars and starches |
| monosaccharide | 1 simple sugar molecule; the building blocks of carbohydrates (ex: glucose and fructose) |
| disaccharide | 2 simple sugars joined (ex: sucrose) |
| polysaccharide | polymer of sugar |
| lipids | organic compounds containing C, H, and O; fats, oils and waxes |
| proteins | large complex polymer of C, H, O, and N; important in movement, immunity, chemical reactions, etc |
| amino acids | building blocks (monomer) of protein |
| enzyme | a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction; important in metabolism |
| nucleic acids | complex macromolecule made of C, H, O, N, and P; stores cellular information and important in the formation of proteins |
| nucleotide | building block(monomer) of a nucleic acid; have a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group |
| DNA | passed on from one generation to the next; codes for all of an organism's proteins |
| RNA | forms a copy of DNA that used to MAKE proteins |
| hydrogen bond | weak bond that holds the two strands of DNA together |
| C, H, O | atoms found in carbohydrates and lipids |
| C, H, O, N | atoms found in amino acids (proteins) |
| C. H, O, N, P | atoms that are found in nucleic acids |
| starch | polymer of monosaccharides; how plants store energy |
| glycogen | polymer of monosaccharides; how animals store energy in their liver |
| glycerol | one of the building blocks of a lipid that forms the backbone to which other molecules attach |
| fatty acids | the building block of a lipid that is attached to the glycerol; changes in these determine the type of lipid that is made |
| double helix | shape of DNA |
| phospholipids | type of lipid with a phosphate group attached to it; important molecule that makes up cell membranes of organisms |
| hydrophobic | quality of lipids; repelling water or water hating |
| steroids | a type of lipid that includes cholesterol and hormones |
| chitin | a polysaccharide that makes up the shells or exoskeletons of insects and shellfish |
| carbon | the atom that is the framework for complex organic molecules due to its 4 valence electrons |
| deoxyribose | the sugar found in the nucleotides of DNA |
| ribose | the sugar found in the nucleotides of RNa |
| A, T, C, G | the nitrogen bases found in DNA |
| A, U, C, G | the nitrogen bases found in RNA |
| polar molecule | a molecule with oppositely charged regions |
| hydrogen bond | a weak interaction involving hydrogen and another atom |
| universal solvent | nickname for water due to its ability to dissolve many substances |
| adhesion | when water molecules stick to other polar molecules |
| cohesion | when water molecules stick to other water molecules |
| capillary action | the ability for water to climb up thin tubes due to their adhesion to the inside of the tube |
| expands | what water does when it freezes |
| soil | what is made after many years of frozen water breaking down rocks and mixing with dead organisms |
| monomer | smaller building block of larger molecules (means "one part") |
Created by:
Mrs. Meeks SHS
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