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Chapter 33-34
biol 130 exam 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| xylem vessel | One-way only, water and minerals, no end walls between cells, and thick walls defend with lignin |
| phloem vessel | Two-way flow, water and food, cells have end walls with perforations |
| water potential (PSI) | Tendency of water molecules to move in response to pressure and solute concentration gradients |
| passive | No energy needed |
| bulk flow | Movement of water from a region of higher pressure potential |
| aquaporins | In cell membranes and tonoplast allow water to diffuse rapidly |
| tonoplast | vacuole membrane |
| active | Energy required |
| proton pumps | integral membrane protein pump that builds up a proton gradient across a biological membrane |
| apoplast | Fast, cell walls and intercellular spaces, continuous mesh work; water and solutes never cross a membrane |
| symplast | Slow, continuous cytoplasm of living cells connected by plasmodesmata, plasma membranes control movement |
| guard cells | controls the opening and closing |
| translocation | Movement of carbohydrates and other solutes through the phloem |
| phloem sap | content formed by the phloem |
| sources | Organs that produce more sugar than they require |
| sinks | Consume sugars for growth or storage |
| nutrients | Required to fill macromolecules |
| essential elements | Their absence severely disrupts plant growth and reproduction |
| macronutrients | N, P, S, Ca, Mg |
| micronutrients | Fe, Cl, Mm, Zn, Ni, Mo |
| a horizon topsoil | Contains most of soil's living and dead organic matter |
| b horizon subsoil | Accumulates materials from topsoil and parent rock |
| c horizon | Rock from which soil arises |
| soil fertility | ability to support plant growth |
| shifting agriculture | Soil is depleted, people move to another location in natural process replenish soil |
| organic fertilizer | Humus is used as a food source by soil organisms |
| inorganic (chemical) fertilizer | Supply mineral nutrients directly in forms that are easily used |
| exudates | substance secreted from a plant |
| rhizophere | Organisms living nearby in the region |
| nitrogenase | enzymes that are produced by certain bacteria, such as cyanobacteria and rhizobacteria |
| nitrogen fixation | chemical processes by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds |
| parasitic plants | Gets water, mineral nutrients, or photosynthate from the bodies of another plant |
| hemiparasites | can photosynthesize, but gets water and mineral nutrients from living plants |
| holo parasites | Completely parasitic; no photosynthesis |
Created by:
acatherine04
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