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bio 221 exam 3 pt 1
endocrine system ch 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What kind of hormones diffuse through the plasma membrane of their target cells? | steroid hormones |
| Once steroid hormones are inside, they bind to a receptor to form what? | hormone receptor complex |
| the hormone receptor complex binds to DNA, affecting the activity of what? | specific gene |
| give one example of a steroid hormone | testosterone |
| A cell that can't diffuse across the cell membrane are called what? | first messengers |
| first messengers bind to receptors where? | cell membrane |
| once the first receptor binds to receptors on the cell membrane, what results? | formation of a second messenger |
| the second messenger eventually alters the activity of what? | the target cell |
| one example of non-steroid hormones is | pituitary hormones |
| the action of other hormones | hormonal stimulation |
| the changing concentrations of ions and nutrients in the blood | humoral stimulation |
| by the nervous system | neural stimulation |
| non-steroidal hormones often activate or deactivate | enzymes |
| steroid hormones change the activity of genes, affecting | protein synthesis |
| special hormones that can affect the growth, division, or differentiation of the same or other cells are called what? | cytokines |
| if hormone levels become too low, target cells may do what? | increase the number of receptors for that hormone |
| increasing receptors therefore does what | increases the target's responsiveness to that hormone |
| what is it called when hormone levels become too low and target cells increase the number of receptors for that hormone and increase the target's responsiveness? | up regulation |
| where does the pituitary gland hang from? | hypothalamus |
| the pituitary gland hangs by a stalk called what? | infundibulum |
| what bone does the pituitary gland lie in? | sphenoid bone called the sella turcica |
| human growth hormone target | all/most body cells, especially bone and muscle |
| human growth hormone function | promotes total body growth and repair |
| prolactin hormone target | mammary tissue |
| prolactin function | stimulates breast milk production |
| thyroid stimulating hormone target | all body cells |
| thyroid stimulating hormone function | increases metabolic rate, regulates temperature, influences development |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone target | many tissues |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone function | makes glucose, decreases inflammation |
| follicle stimulating hormone female target | ovaries |
| follicle stimulating hormone female function | controls menstrual cycle, promotes growth of eggs in ovaries |
| follicle stimulating hormone male target | testicles |
| follicle stimulating hormone male function | stimulates growth and aids in creation of sperm cells |
| luteinizing hormone female target | ovaries |
| luteinizing hormone female function | triggers release of an egg, ovulation |
| luteinizing hormone male target | testicles |
| luteinizing hormone male function | stimulates testosterone, important for producing sperm |
| oxytocin target | uterus and mammary glands |
| oxytocin function | stimulates smooth muscle contractions and ejects fetus |
| antidiuretic hormone target | kidneys |
| antidiuretic hormone function | conserves water (decrease urine volume), increase blood volume and blood pressure |
| thyroid hormone (T3, T4) target | all body cells |
| thyroid hormone (T3, T4) function | increases metabolic rate, regulates body temperature, influences development |
| calcitonin target | osteoclasts |
| calcitonin function | degreases blood Ca2+, inhibits osteoclast activity |
| parathyroid hormone target | osteoclasts |
| parathyroid hormone function | increases blood CA2+, stimulates osteoclast activity |
| cortisol target | tissues |
| cortisol function | makes glucose and decreases inflammation |
| aldosterone target | kidneys |
| aldosterone function | increases blood Na+ and water, decreases blood K+ |
| epinephrine and norepinephrine target | heart, liver, muscles, blood vessels |
| epinephrine and norepinephrine function | intensifies sympathetic responses |
| insulin target | most/all cells |
| insulin function | decreases blood glucose by moving glucose into cells |
| glucagon target | liver |
| glucagon function | increase glucose by breaking glycogen |
| melatonin target | hypothalamus |
| melatonin function | promotes sleep |
| thymosins target | T cells of immune system |
| thymosins function | T cell maturation (immunocompetence) |
| estrogen target | uterus, ovaries, other |
| estrogen function | prepares for fetus, secondary sex characteristics |
| progesterone target | uterus |
| progesterone function | maintains pregnancy, prevents uterine contractions |
| testosterone target | various body parts |
| testosterone function | secondary sex characteristics |
| What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary gland? | human growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, FSH, Luteinizing hormone |
| What hormones are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland? | oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone |
| what hormones are produced by the thyroid gland? | thyroid hormone and calcitonin |
| what hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex? | cortisol and aldosterone |
| what hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla? | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| what hormones are produced by the pancreas? | insulin and glucagon |
| what hormone is produced by the pineal gland? | melatonin |
| what hormones are produced by the gonads? | estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone |
Created by:
renyandbenny
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