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Ch 27 Child Cardio
Caring for the Child with a Cardiovascular Condition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How often does a child's heart contract? | A child's heart contracts 60-180 times per minute depending on his/her age. |
| What is the initial stretch (burden or load)of the cardiac muscle? | Preload |
| What is the pressure that the cardiac muscle must exert to expel blood from the heart? | Afterload. |
| Reservior or collecting chamber for the peripheral venous return | Right Atrium |
| What connects the right atrium to the right ventricle and is called so because it is comprised of 3 cusps or doors? | Tricuspid Valve |
| What is the only named artery that carried deoxygenated blood? | Pulmonary Artery |
| Amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each heartbeat? | Stroke Volume |
| What is the most likely cause of chest pain in children? | Costochondritis (inflammation of the cartilage that attaches the front of the ribs to the breastbone). |
| What is a maternal disease that increases the risk for cardiac defects in offspring? | Diabetes |
| Bird-Like or Pigeon Chest? | Pectus Carinatum |
| Most common congenital heart defect? | Ventricular Septal defect |
| Cyanotic cardiac defects | Transposition, Tetraology, Tricuspid atresia, pulmonary atresia, truncus ateriosus, single ventricle |
| Obstructive Cardiac Lesions | Stenosis, Coarctation |
| Left to right shunt cardiac defects | Atrial Septic defect, ventricular septic defect, patient ductus arteriosus |
| Syndromes that are associated with Cardiac Disease | Down Syndrome (AV canal, VSD), DiGeorge or Velo-cardio-facial chromosome (Interrupted aortic arch, truncus arteriosus, VSD, PDA, TOF), Marfan Syndrome (Aortic aneurism, aortic and/or mitral regurgitation |
| Congestive Heart Failure | Inability of cardiac muscle to move blood forward, blood is congested in "backward" congested direction into lungs or liver, eventually into periphery |
| What is an atrial septal defect? | Septal wall defect allowing blood flow from left atrium to right atrium, also called a left to right shunt |
| What is the pathophysiology of an atrial septal defect? | An opening between the atria, foreaman ovale fails to close, increased pulmonary flow |
| What symptoms are associated with an atrial septal defect? | Often asymptomatic if defect is small, dyspnea, fatigue, poor growth, soft systolic murmur in pulmonic area, CHF |
| What tests are used to diagnosis an atrial septal defect? | Echocardiogram or cardiac catheterization |
| What is a ventricle septal defect? | Septal wall is incomplete allowing blood flow from left ventricle to right ventricle, left to right shunt. |
| What symptoms are associated with a ventricle septal defect? | Tachypnea, dyspnea, poor growth, reduced fluid intake, palpable thrill, systolic murmur at left lower sternal border, s/s of CHF |
| Defects of vessels and valves | Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - failure to close within 1st year of life, defect occurs alone or with cooarctation of the aorta |
| Signs and symptoms of PDA | Murmur- “machinery” quality, LUSB, holosystolic; Frequent colds, susceptible to RSV, fatigue, poor feeding & poor growth pattern; Large PDA- left then right ventricular hypertrophy |
| Nursing Care of PDA | Closed surgically, or with a transcatheter device; Indomethacin (Indocin); Postsurgical measures (wound care, monitoring VS, adequate hydration & nutrition |
Created by:
lwoolbright
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