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The Earth's Relief
How the Earth's relief affects populations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| relief | all of the features on the surface of the Earth’s crust |
| landform | a feature on Earth's surface that is part of the terrain. Mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains are the four major types |
| mountain | high landform with steep sides |
| sierra | a group of mountains |
| mountain range | a group of sierras |
| valley | an area of low land between mountains |
| plain | a low, flat area of land, found along the coast and inland areas |
| plateau | a flat area of land at high altitudes |
| depression | an area of land at a lower altitude than the surrounding land |
| peninsula | an area of land surrounded by water on all sides except for one |
| isthmus | the piece of land that connects a peninsula to the continent |
| island | an area of land surrounded by water on all sides |
| archipelago | a group of islands close together |
| cape | a strip of land than extends into the sea |
| gulf | a part of the sea that extends into the land |
| bay | a small gulf |
| cove | a small bay |
| inlet | a small bay |
| continental shelf | the area that begins at the coast and descends to a depth of around 200 metres bellow the ocean |
| continental slope | the area that descends from the continental shelf into the deepest parts of the ocean |
| abyssal plains | vast plains located on the ocean floor |
| mid-ocean ridges | long, submerged mountain ridges that are found on the abyssal plains |
| ocean trenches | long, deep cracks in the abyssal plain |
| ocean floor | the bottom of the ocean |
| tectonic plate | a piece of solid rock, all these pieces together make up the Earth's crust |
| collide | to hit something forcefully |
| earthquake | a sudden vibration of the Earth’s crust |
| volcano | a crack in the Earth’s crust which is located on the boundaries of tectonic plates. It expels materials at high temperatures |
| fold | the consequence of plate collision when the internal forces act on materials that are not vey rigid |
| fault | the consequence of plate collision when the internal forces act on very rigid materials |
| Pangaea | a supercontinent that incorporated almost all the landmasses on Earth |
| active volcano | a type of volcano that is always active and sometimes erupts |
| dormant volcano | a type of volcano that is inactive for several hundred years |
| extinct volcano | a type of volcano that is inactive for several thousand years |
| volcanic eruption | the event when lava and gas are released from a volcano |
| volcanic cone | a triangle-shaped hill that is formed by lava and rocks which accumulate around the volcano |
| ash | a mixture of rock, mineral, and glass particles expelled from a volcano during a volcanic eruption |
| vent | the main channel of the volcano |
| seism | a scientific term for 'earthquake' |
| seismograph | an instrument used to record the motion of the ground during an earthquake |
| epicenter | the point on the Earth’s surface above the hypocenter |
| hypocenter | the point in the Earth’s interior where the earthquake begins |
| erosion | the type of external process when rocks wear down, fragment or dissolve in water |
| transportation | the type of external process when the eroded material is moved |
| deposition | the type of external process when the eroded material is deposited in a different place |
| dune | a mound of sand formed by the wind, usually along the beach or in a desert |
| upper course | the part of the river which is very steep and water flows rapidly |
| slope | the rise of the land surface |
| canyon | a deep valley with steep sides of rock |
| gorge | a deep narrow valley with steep sides |
| middle course | the part of the river on flat areas where water flows at a lower speed |
| lower course | the final part of the river where water flows slowly |
| alluvial plain | a large flat landform that is created from the deposition of sediment by rivers |
| cliff | a high area of rock with a very steep side, often at the edge of the sea or ocean |
Created by:
livia.pasztor
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