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APES Unit 1
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere | air around the planet |
| Stratosphere | lowest ozone layer |
| Hydrosphere | water layer |
| Lithosphere | rock layer (crust + upper mantle) |
| Baudoinia | alcohol eating bacteria |
| Chemo-synthesis | essentially "eating" chemicals to convert to carbs, performed by some dead sea animals |
| Decomposers | organisms that break down nutrients and recycle them |
| Detritivores | organisms that feed on the waste or dead bodies |
| Anaerobic Respiration/Fermentation | the breaking down of glucose to create energy without oxygen |
| 1st Law of Thermodynamics | energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only altered in form |
| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics | energy is lost in the form of heat as is moves up a food chain (Producer->Primary Comsumer->ect.) |
| Carbon Cycle | the movement of atoms containing carbon |
| Nitrogen Cycle | the movements of atoms containing nitrogen |
| Abiotic Fixation | nitrate of high level fixation in the atmosphere from lightning and cosmic radiation |
| Biological Fixation | accomplished of a series of soil microorganisms such as aerobic and anaerobic bacteria |
| Symbiotic Relationship | a relationship in which both parties benefit |
| Haber-Process | an artificial nitrogen fixation process, now mainly used to produce ammonia |
| Phosphorus Cycle | the movement of atoms containing phosphorus |
| Carrion | decaying flesh of dead animals |
| Lichen | moss algae often found on trees and roofs in contact with fresh air |
| Lynden B. Jones | signed the Wilderness Act |
| Euphotic Zone | upper most layer of water in which light can penetrate through |
| Lentic Systems | still bodies of water like ponds and lakes |
| Lotic Systems | flowing bodies of water like oceans and rivers |
| Littoral Zone | near shore of a LAKE where rooted plants can grow, high biodiversity |
| Limnetic Zone | open, sunlit, away from shore, main photosynthetic zone, and larger fish |
| Profundel Zone | deep, dark water, too deep for photosynthesis to occur, low O2 levels, some fish |
| Benthic Zone | deepest zone, home to decomposers, detritus feeders, and some fish (typically ones that eat dead matter) |
| Oligotrophic Lakes | lakes with low levels of nutrients and low levels of production |
| Eutrophic Lakes | high levels of nutrients, high levels of productivity, and high turbidity |
| Cultural Eutorpication | high nutrient levels due to human activities |
| Phytoplankton | primary producer for most aquatic systems |
| Ultraplankton | tiny photosynthetic bacteria |
| Zooplankton | secondary consumers, single-celled large invertbraes |
| Nekton | strong swimmers like fish |
| Benthos | bottom dwellers like oysters and starfish |
| Food Web | a complex network of interconnected food webs |
| Watershed | an area of land that drains into a particular body of water |
| Parasitism | when one organism lives off or in another organism |
| Commensalism | when one organism benefits from a relationship while the other is unaffected |
| GPP | the total amount of product |
| NPP | the amount of usable or available product |
Created by:
MadisonFoleyReis
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