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Bio 7.1-7.2

TermDefinition
prokaryotic cells what cells are smaller and more simple
cell membrane - made of 2 layers of lipids and proteins that surrounds the cell, controls all impact and export materials, gives shape
nucleus - large organelle surrounded by a double membrane and usually located in the center of most cells, houses the chromosomes
cytoskeleton - thin tubes and threads of proteins, extend from cell membrane across the cell, forms the framework of the cell, aids in cell division
cytoplasm - mostly water, between cell membrane and nucleus, fills the cell, provides medium for organelles
flagella - LONG hair-like extension from outer surface of some cells, cell movement
chromosomes - made up of nucleic acids (DNA), located inside the nucleus, their DNA controls all cell functions
nuclear membrane - double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, holds the nucleus
cilia - SHORT hairlike extensions from outer surface of some cells, cell movement, moves things such as mucus outside the cell
nucleolus - dark spot inside the nucleus, makes ribosomes and rRNA
lysosomes - tiny circular bodies located within the cytoplasm, break down worn out lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, small organelles filled with enzymes, "clean-up crew"
ribosomes - visible with TEM as small, round structures attached to ER or floating in cytoplasm, produce proteins
mitochondria - football or rod-shaped organelle, 10 several hundred in cytoplasm, inner membrane has many folds, burns sugar to produce energy, site of cellular respiration, Cell "Powerhouses", power plants of the cell, convert chemical energy into ATP
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - system of folded membranes that run from the nuclear membrane to near the cell membrane, Can be rough or smooth ER, A pipeline that transports proteins to other parts of the cell, helps make lipids, known as the "highway of the cell"
Golgi apparatus - a stack of membranes or sacs that is located near the cell membrane, organizes, labels, and packages proteins, then proteins are exported, makes lysosomes, "stack of pancakes", where finishing touches are put on
what cells is your body more composed of? - eukaryotic cells
what does the nucleus house? - DNA
the smallest organism of any living unit - cell
what does the cell theory state? - All living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells
Prokaryotic cells - cells that do not enclose DNA in nuclei
Eukaryotic cells - cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei
the organisms that are called prokaryotes - bacteria
a cell could be described as a - factory
nucleus and cytoplasm - two major parts of the eukaryotic cells
nucleus can be described as a - control center
nuclei contain a small, dense region known as - nucleolus
ribosomes are made in the - nucleolus
proteins - carry out so many essential functions of living things
proteins are made on - ribosomes
Rough ER - ribosomes found on surface, newly made proteins leave these ribosomes
smooth ER - ribosomes not found on surface, makes membrane lipids and detoxifies drugs
vacuoles - large saclike, membrane enclosed structures, stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
single, large central vacuole - found in plant cells, makes it possible to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers
contractile vacuole - found in some unicellular organisms and in some animals, pumps excess water out of cell
Vesicles - All eukaryotic cells contain these, used to store and move materials between organelles
what are involved with energy conversion processes? - chloroplasts and mitochondria
mitochondria comes from - the egg cell
plants, some protists, and prokaryotes - contain chloroplasts
chloroplasts - like solar power plants, capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food
Chlorophyll - A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
microfilaments, intermediate filament, and microtubule - the 3 principal protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton
microfilaments - threadlike structures made up of a protein called actin
intermediate filaments - rope like and a cage of support around large organelles
Microtubules - hollow structures made of protein tubulin, important in cell division, helps separate chromosomes
centrioles - Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division, found in animal cells, but not in plant cells
cilia and flagella - microtubules patterns make up
Created by: rickroth
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