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Science T4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alternating current | Current oscillates back and forth |
| Power | Measure of how much energy is used per second (watts or j/s) |
| Watt | Unit for power |
| Rheostat | Variable resistor |
| Direct current | One direction |
| Electrical energy | Ability to do electrical work |
| Efficiency | Ratio of energy output to energy input Expressed as percentage |
| First theory of elements | Democritus |
| Plumb pudding model | Thompson |
| Solid ball model | Dalton |
| Electrons in orbit inventor | Rutherford |
| Electron shell inventor | Bohr |
| Neutron discoverer | Chadwick |
| Atomic number | Number of protons |
| Mass number | Protons+neutrons |
| Isotope | Different number of neutrons and mass number |
| Atoms | Small particle |
| Molecule | Group of chemically bonded atoms |
| Elements | Atom or molecule of a single element |
| Compound | 2 or more different elements chemically bonded |
| Mixture | 2 or more substances not chemically bonded |
| Groups | Columns in periodic table |
| Periods | Rows in the periodic table |
| Nobel gasses | Group 8 |
| Hallogens | Group 7 |
| Alkali metals | Group 1 |
| Alkaline earth metals | Group 2 |
| Transition metals | The middle ones no one cares about |
| Chalocgens | Group 6 |
| Atomic radius | Increases down a period decreases across groups |
| Diatomic molecule | 2 atoms chemically combined |
| Covalent bond | Bond where electrons share electrons-typically only non metals |
| Cations | Ions with a positive charge-typically metals |
| Anions | Ions with negative charge-typically non metals |
| 2n^2 | Max electrons in an energy level |
| Valency | Combining power of an atom, measured by the number of hydrogen atoms it can combine with |
| Ioniccompound | Compound formed from the transfer of electrons-typically metal and non metal |
| Polyatomic ion | Charged particle consisting of 2 or more atoms |
| Combistion | A chemical reaction where a fuel combines with oxygen quickly releasing large amounts of energy and forming an oxide of the fuel |
| Precipitation | A chemical reaction where two or more dissolved ionic compounds react to form a solid ionic compoun |
| Corrosion | A slow chemical reaction where a refined metal reacts with oxygen to form a more stable metal oxide |
| Neutralisation | A chemical reaction where an acid reacts with a base to form neutral products |
| EM spectrum | Range of EM waves that exist in electric and magnetic fields |
| Transverse wave | Medium oscillates perpendicular to directionof energy transfer |
| Diverging | Moving away from one another |
| Velocity | Combination of an objects change in position and direction |
| Rarefaction | Opposite of compression. Area where average distance between particles increases |
| Longitudinal | Wave oscilates forward & backward |
| Converging | Moving towards each other |
| Compression | Area of longitudinal wave where particles are close |
| Frequency | How many waves pass in a period of time |
| Period | How long it takes for a complete wave to pass |
| Reflection | Bouncing of waves from a surface |
| Refraction | Bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another |
| Amplitude | Distance from the center of a wave to the crest |
| Wavelength | The distance from crest to creast |
| Concave | Lense that causes light to diverge |
| Convex | Causes light to converge |
| Nucleon | Any particle found inside the nucleus |
| Isotope | Same atom different neutrons |
| Radioactive | Substance that undergoes nuclear decay to become more stable |
| Radio isotope | An isotope of an atom that is radio active |
| Alpha particle | A particle emitted during radioactive decay that consists of two protons and two neutrons |
| Beta particle | A particle emitted during radioactive decay that consists of an electron and turns a neutron into a proton |
| Gamma rays | Highest energy radiation on EM spectrum released by some radioactive nuclei after alpha or beta decay has occurred |
| Half life | Time required for the origional radioactive nicleus to reduce to Half its initial value |
| Continental drift | Gradual movement of continents across earth |
| Plate tectonics | Theory describing large scale motion of earths plates |
| Lithosphere | Rigid outer part of the earth. Crust and upper mantle |
| Asthenosphere | Non-rigid upper layer of mantle in which convection currents occur |
| Convection | Less sense material rises, cooler more dense material sinks |
| Convergent boundey | Place where two tectonic plates collide |
| Divergent boundary | Place where two plates move apart |
| Transform boundary | Where two plates rub against each other |
| Subduction | Occurs at a convergent boundary, where one plate moves under another |
| Paleomagnetism | Study of the record of the earths magnetic field within rocks |
| Fault | Fracture in the earths crust |
| Seismic wave | Waves of energy generated by an earthquake |
| Focus | Point below the earths surface at the center of the earth quake |
| Epicenter | Point on the earths surface directly above the focus |
| Richter scale | A scale from one to 10 indicating eq magnitude |
| Seismograph | A device that records details like force and duration of an earthquake |
| Seizemogram | Record of seizemic activity produced by a seisemograph |
| Seisemometwr | Instrument that responds to seismic activity |
| Atmosphere | Gasses surrounding earth |
| Hydrosphere | Solid liquid and gaseous water on earth |
| Buosphere | Regions of earth where life exists |
| Evolution | Gradual change in living things over time |
| Natural selection | Process where organisms better suited to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring |
| Divergent evolution | When close related organisms evolve to become less alike |
| Convergent evolution | When unrelated organisms evolve similar traits as a result of living on similar environments |
| Speciation | Formation of new destinct species due to evolution and genetic isolation |
| Law of supperposition | Old rocks are always at the bottom |
| Pangea | Origional supercontinent |
| Laurasia | Smaller supercontinent |
| Gondwana | Smaller super continent |
| Sea floor spreading | Where a plate moves apart and new rock fills the gap |
| Mid ocean ridgws | New rock formations caused by sea floor spreading |
| Deep ocean trench | Trench formed by subduction of oceanic plates |
| Mountain ranges/ridge mountains | Formed by colliding continental tectonic plates |
| Convection drag | Where convection currents hit the bottom of plates and cause them to move |
| Slab pull | Mantle rock solidify on the bottom of a subduction g plate pulling it down more |
| Volcanic arc | Chain of volcanoes formed by converging plates |
| Rift valley | Area where rocks are pulling apart due to diverging plates |
| P-waves | Fastest travelling earth quake waves, travel through all 3 states of matter. Oscilates parallel to energy transfer direction |
| S waves | Slower than p waves. Oscilate perpendicular to direction of energy transfer. S waves only pass through solids |
Created by:
MatthewNyman2
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