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Grade 8 - Space (H)
Flashcards for the Space Unit (Made for Honors Science w/ Ms. Katsuki 22-23)
| Term/Idea | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Big Bang Theory | The most widely accepted theory to the beginning of our universe. Before the Big Bang, the universe was an infinitely hot and dense point, which was only a few millimeters wide. This point blew up into a supernova and formed galaxies. |
| Gravity | The most powerful of the five super-forces. Gravity pulls objects with mass together. Depending on the mass of a system, gravity may become stronger or weaker. |
| Lunar Phases | A 30-day period where the Sun lights up different parts of the moon. These phases include New Moon, Waxing, Full, and Waning. |
| Dust | This is space debris that flies around in space and is pulled together by gravity to make planets, galaxies, stars, and other forms of celestial mass. |
| Orbit | The process of a smaller celestial body moving around a larger celestial system; it can be described as a body falling into a system and missing over and over again. |
| Eclipse | This takes place when a celestial body covers another from the Sun. The two most well known forms of this are the Solar & Lunar Eclipses. |
| Galaxy | A collection of celestial bodies, primarily stars. However, they also include planets, asteroids, and more. Their masses can affect how much gravity each one has. |
| Moon | A (usually rocky) body of celestial mass that orbits a planet. Scientifically referred to as a 'satellite'. |
| Lunar Eclipse | An astronomical event that occurs when the moon is completely covered by the Earth's shadow. It is very slightly more common than a Solar Eclipse. |
| Solar System | A collection of celestial bodies orbiting a star. These bodies include planets, satellites (moons), and asteroids. |
| Planet | A body of celestial mass that can either be solid (rocky), gaseous, or ice. They orbit around stars and their gravitational pull depends on their mass. |
| Solar Eclipse | An astronomical event that occurs when the moon obscures the Sun, either in partial or in full. It is very slightly less common than a Lunar Eclipse. |
| Asteroids | A rocky celestial body made up of rock, metal, or ice. They measure from 1 m to 1000 km. Different from a meteorite, which is an asteroid that burns up as it enters out atmosphere. |
| Axis | The imaginary line that a celestial body spins around on. They may be straight or tilted, depending on the planet and its history. |
| Star | A celestial body made up of burning gasses and plasma, which gives off heat and light. They are usually the centers of solar systems in our galaxy due to the high amount of mass they sustain. |
| Gravitaional Pull | The pull of gravity among celestial bodies and systems. Gravitational pulls become stronger when a system contains more mass than the objects around it. |
| Tilt | The angle between an object's rotational axis (how tilted it is from 0 degrees) and its orbital axis (around another celestial object). Plays a massive role in creating seasons on planets such as Earth. |
| Seasons | The Earth's temperature from where you are, which is based on the amount of sunlight a part of the world gets due to the Earth's tilt. Also affects how much daylight certain parts of the world receive in a 24-hour time span. |
| The chronological order of the Big Bang Theory | 1. The universe starts as an infinitely hot and dense point. 2. This point explodes and disperses matter & energy. 3. Gravity is formed, and starts to pull the masses together to create galaxies. This forms the modern day universe. |
| Gravity's effect on galaxies | Gravity pulls existent matter together to help create galaxies, in those containing stars, planets, and asteroids. Gravity has also played a role in creating new elements as well. |
| The chronological order of the formation of our Solar System | 1. Somewhere in the galaxy, a star goes supernova. 2. This supernova transfers energy to a nearby gas cloud, which becomes a disc. 3. This disc collapses to gravity, and the heat/pressure in the middle creates a star. 4. The inner, then the outer plane |
| Order of the planets from the Sun (closest to furthest) | The order of the planets from the sun (closest to furthest) is: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Having trouble? Remember this acronym; My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nachos |
| Planet Characteristics (Inner v. Outer, Rocky v. Gaseous) | The Inner Planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They are rocky (solid) planets and have little to no moons (0-2). The Outer Planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. They are gaseous planets and have many moons (14-63). |
| Characteristics of a Solar System | A solar system contains a star with other masses orbiting around it. The star is the body with the most mass in the system, which makes the other celestial bodies orbit around it. These bodies may include planets, moons, and asteroids. |
| Orbital paths around the Sun | All planets orbit around the Sun in 'perfect' circles. Starting from Uranus, the orbits become slightly off-centered/elliptical, but maintain a somewhat perfect circular shape. |
| Celestial bodies from smallest to largest (Hint: There are 8 in this sequence) | The order of related celestial bodies from smallest to the smallest to largest is Moon, Earth, Sun, Solar System, Milky Way Galaxy, Galactic Cluster, Virgo Super-Cluster, Known Universe |
| Gravitational forces between Earth and other celestial bodies | Earth has gravitational forces with the Sun & Moon. While the Earth constantly orbits the Sun, its mass creates gravitational forces that allow the Moon to orbit around the Earth as well. |
| Earth's rotation around the sun v. Earth's axis | While Earth's orbital path around the Sun is perfectly level, Earth's axis is at a tilt, which causes seasons to be created relative to the amount of sunlight shining on each of the hemispheres. |
| Earth's axis angle | Earth's axis is tilted at 23.5 degrees. This plays a major role in creating seasons. |
| Earth's seasons | Earth's seasons consist of Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter. They are each individually created by Earth's tilt and the amount of sunlight each hemisphere gets. |
| How is Spring created? | Spring occurs before Summer and after Winter. It is the transition phase between the two seasons and is created by the colder hemisphere of the Earth getting warmer. |
| How is Summer created? | Summer is created when one hemisphere of the Earth gets more sunlight than the other, due to Earth's tilt. |
| How is Autumn created? | Autumn occurs after Summer and before Winter. It is the transition phase between the two seasons and is created by the warmer hemisphere of the Earth getting colder. |
| How is Winter created? | Winter is created when one hemisphere of the Earth gets less sunlight than the other, due to Earth's tilt. |
| Names of Lunar Phases | In order, the phases are named New Moon, Waxing Crescent Moon, First Quarter Moon, Waxing Gibbous Moon, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous Moon, Third Quarter Moon, and Waning Crescent Moon. This cycle repeats over a 30-day span. |
| Perspective of the Moon from Earth | If you were to look at the Moon from Earth, the amount of light shining on it would vary. This is because of the Moon's position relative to the Earth and Sun. However, half of the Moon is always lit regardless of your perspective from Earth. |
| Perspective of the Moon from the Sun | If you were to look at the Moon from the Sun, it would always be lit. This is because the Sun's light is constantly shining and illuminating half the moon. However, from where the moon is located relative to Earth, the light may vary from our view. |
| Solar Eclipse v. Lunar Eclipse | A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon blocks out the sunlight from a very specific part of Earth. They rarely occur during a New Moon. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth blocks the sunlight from the entire Moon. They rarely occur during a Full Moon. |
| Meaning of 'M' in celestial terms | 'M' stands for 'Messier Objects'. |
| Meaning of 'NGC' in celestial terms | 'NGC' stands for 'New General Catalogue'. |
| Meaning of 'IC' in celestial terms | 'IC' stands for 'Index Catalogue'. |
| What is an elliptical galaxy? | An elliptical galaxy is a circular-shaped galaxy. Unlike an irregular galaxy, it is a somewhat organized circular blob of stars and light. |
| What is an irregular galaxy? | An elliptical galaxy is a galaxy with an undefined shape. Irregular galaxies are unlike any other type of galaxy, as they are a disorganized blob of stars and space matter. |
| What is a spiral galaxy? | A spiral galaxy is a galaxy shaped like a spiral or spinning pinwheel. The Milky Way is an example of a spiral galaxy. |
| What is a lenticular galaxy? | A lenticular galaxy is a galaxy having a central bulge surrounded by a flattened disk with no pattern of spiral arms. |
Created by:
LHak
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