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Science: Ch. 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mineral | a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition |
| inorganic | not formed from living things or the remains of living things |
| crystal | a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again |
| streak | the color of a mineral's powder |
| luster | The way a mineral reflects light from its surface |
| Moh's hardness scale | A scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals |
| cleavage | A mineral's ability to split easily along flat surfaces. |
| fracture | The way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way |
| geode | A hollow rock inside which mineral crystals have grown. |
| crystallization | The process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure |
| solution | a mixture containing a solvent and at least one solute and has the same properties throughout; a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another |
| vein | A narrow deposit of a mineral that is sharply different from the surrounding rock |
| rock-forming material | Any of the common minerals that make up most of the rocks of Earth's crust. |
| granite | A usually light-colored rock that is found in continental crust |
| basalt | A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust |
| grain | The particles of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture. |
| texture | The look and feel of a rock's surface, determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rock's grains. |
| igneous rock | a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface |
| sedimentary rock | A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together |
| metamorphic rock | A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. |
| extrusive rock | Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface |
| intrustive rock | Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface. |
| sediment | small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or the remains of organisms; earth materials deposited by erosion |
| weathering | The chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth's surface. |
| erosion | The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil |
| deposition | Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations. |
| compaction | the process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight |
| cementation | The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together in one mass |
| clastic rock | sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure |
| organic rock | sedimentary rock that forms from remains of organisms deposited in thick layers |
| chemical rock | Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize from a solution |
| foilated | Term used to describe metamorphic rocks that have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands. |
| rock cycle | A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another |
Created by:
pngibbs
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