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Bio of Aging Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is photo aging of skin? | changes to skin induced by chronic UVA and UVB exposure. |
| How can photo aging be repaired? | with red light 660-680nm |
| What promising new biomarker for skin aging has been discovered recently? | beta-galactosidase |
| Name three disease that are included within the group of diseases known as coronary heart disease. | stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infraction, and sudden coronary death |
| Name six risk factors associated with heart disease. | high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol |
| What happens with a myocardial infarction? | a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. |
| A heart attack occurs when blood flow _____ to a part of the heart causing ______ to the heart muscle | stops; damage |
| What diseases are caused by having high blood pressure? | heart diseases |
| What is COPD? | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary (lung) Disease |
| What is COPD characterized as? | chronically poor airflow. It typically worsens over time. The main symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and sputum production |
| What increases the odds of getting kidney failure? | Diabetes |
| Name the first hypothesis for what causes Alzheimer’s disease. Explain | Cholinergic hypothesis. AD is caused by reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. |
| Name the second hypothesis for what causes Alzheimer’s disease. Explain | Amyloid hypothesis. Extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits are the fundamental cause of the disease |
| Name the third hypothesis for what causes Alzheimer’s disease. Explain | Tau hypothesis. tau protein abnormalities initiate the disease cascade. |
| Parkinson’s disease is caused by damage to what part of the brain? | substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain |
| What molecule is in short supply when Parkinson’s disease damages the substantia nigra? | dopamine-generating cells |
| Describe the direct pathway for motor cortex control and how Parkinson’s disease changes it.***** | straiatum inhibits the the medial globus pallibus to VA/VL nucleusto the motor cortex (dopamine production) |
| What are Lewy bodies? | abnormal aggregations of protein – that develop inside nerve cells affected by Parkinson's disease |
| ****Describe how stem cells might lead to a cure for Parkinson’s disease. | By replacing PD cells |
| Valproate affects what according to the lecture? | changes histones and re-sparks lost talents (antidepressant) |
| Resveratrol, which has lengthened the lifespan of several different species. How might it do this? | likely inhibits the tor pathways and positively influences the functioning of the sirtuin genes (supplement) |
| The caloric restriction story. “In 1934, Mary ____ and Clive ____ of Cornell University observed that laboratory ___ fed a severely reduced calorie diet while maintaining ______ levels resulted in life spans of up to ___ as long as otherwise expected.” | Crowell; McCay; rats; micronutrient; twice |
| What is caloric restriction | a dietary regimen that reduces intake of energy from caloric foods & beverages without incurring malnutrition that was first |
| What is the cenegenic.com story | Reverse biological age by improving the biomarkers and drive optimal health |
| How do Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease differ in terms of overt symptoms? | An MRI. AD affects memory and language (accumulation of annoid plague proteins). PD affects motor control (Lewy bodies) (problem-solving, speed of thinking, memory, and mood) |
| Does the epidermal thickness increase, decrease of stay the same during aging | decrease |
| What is pulmonary hypertension? | A type of high blood pressure that affects arteries in the lungs and in the heart. When the pressure in the blood vessels leading from the heart to the lungs is too high |
| What are the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension? | chest pain, dizziness, fatigue, chronic cough, and low blood pressure |
| What is angina pectoris? | is chest pain or pressure, usually caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium). (a symptom of coronary artery disease) |
| What is atheroscherosis? | the thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries |
| How might atheroscherosis be prevented? | prophylaxis |
| What usefulness might benfotiamine have on preventing lung, heart and kidney disease? Be specific. | Prevents the formation of AGE which prevents plague building in heart, reduces crosslinking in lungs, prevents RAGE in lungs, |
| Specifically, what effect does sugar have on lung diseases like COPD? | high blood pressure and increases AGE which is detrimental to the whole body |
Created by:
eyenga
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