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Lueken Cells Test
Chapter 4 11/4/22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Invention that helped scientists observe cells | microscope |
| Basic unit of life that can carry on all the processes of life | cells |
| 1st person to observe dead cork (tree bark) cells and call them "cells" | Robert Hooke |
| 1st person to observe living cells and call them "animalacules" | Anton van Leeuwenhoek |
| 3 scientists involved in the Cell Theory | 1. Matthias Schleiden 2. Theodor Schwann 3. Rudolf Virchow |
| T or F : All living things obtain energy from their surroundings | True |
| T or F : All living things respond to their environment | True |
| T or F : All living things reproduce | True |
| How is a nerve cell structure related to it's function? | The extension of the nerve cell in length relates to the function of communication throughout the whole cell |
| How is a skin cell structure related to its function? | The flat structure of a skin cell relates to the function of keeping other materials out of your body and acting as a protective barrier. |
| World's longest cell | Nerve cell in a giraffe's leg |
| World's heaviest cell | Ostrich egg (3 pounds) |
| What limits a cell size (THIS IS AN ESSAY QUESTION ON THE TEST) | 1. protein synthesis rate 2. protein deffusion rate |
| 3 solutions to a cell's growth problem (ESSAY QUESTION ON TEST) | 1. division 2. surface area 3. stay small |
| All cells have 4 basic parts | 1. ribosomes 2. control center 3. cell membrane 4. cytoplasm |
| Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic | Prokaryotes don't have a prominent nucleus and are always unicellular |
| Prokaryotic dna concentrate region | Nucleoid |
| What cell's larger prokaryotic or eukaryotic | Eukaryotic, it contains organelles that prokaryotic cells are missing |
| Prokaryotes are known as | bacteria |
| 4 major groups of eukaryotic organisms | 1. plants 2. animals 3. protists 4. fungi |
| group of related cells | tissue |
| plasma membrane composed of | phospholipid bilayer |
| integral proteins function | transmits molecules and information |
| peripheral proteins function | communication and reaction between organelles |
| integral proteins location | within the bilayer membranes that surround cells and organelles |
| peripheral proteins location | in the inner mitochondrial membrane facing the cytosol, or in the cellular membranes of bacteria. |
| why is the cell membrane describes as a fluid | because their components can move laterally, allowing both diffusion of components and local specific gatherings. |
| liquid inside nucleus | nucleoplasm |
| chromosome | structures of proteins and nucleic acids found in the living cells and carry genetic material, composed of condensed chromatin fiber |
| chromatin | complex formed by histones packaging the DNA double helix, composed of nucleosomes |
| dna helps produce what molecule inside the nucleus | protein |
| T or F: nuclear membrane has pores to create a passageway for molecules to pass through | True |
| organelle inside nucleus | nucleolus |
| what does the nucleolus produce | ribosomes |
| what energy molecule does the mitochondria produce | ATP |
| what type of human cells would you find many mitochondria | muscles |
| how are mitochondria and chloroplasts similar to the nucleus | both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain some amount of DNA |
| what is special about the inner membrane of the mitochondria (cristae) | it has folds that allow a much greater amount of electron transport chain enzymes and ATP synthase to be packed into the mitochondria |
| T or F: mitochondria may have been prokaryotic cells that became organelles inside a host cell | True |
| T or F: ribosomes are membrane bound organelles | False |
| Ribosomes are composed of what 2 molecules | proteins and ribosomal RNA |
| bound ribosomes are connected to what organelle | rough ER |
| Rough ER | series of connected flattened sacs, part of a continuous membrane organelle within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic, has ribosomes |
| Smooth ER | tube-like structure located near the cell periphery |
| Rough ER function | production, folding, quality control and despatch of some proteins |
| Smooth ER function | synthesizes lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids |
| organelle that modifies and ships proteins to other places in the cell | golgi apparatus |
| vesicles entering the golgi apparatus are received from what organelle | ER |
| organelle that breaks down food molecules using digestive enzymes | lysosomes |
| how do lysosomes help embryos develop | destruction of cells of transient embryonal organs |
| peroxisomes detoxify drugs like alcohol and make what | hydrogen peroxide |
| glyoxysomes can be found in what part of plants | cotyledons or endosperm of germinating fatty seeds |
| glyoxysomes function | participate in the conversion of lipids to sugar during the early stages of germination in oilseeds. |
| what structures form from the cell membrane when cells engulf nutrients | an intracellular vesicle called an endosome |
| contractile vacuole function | controls the intracellular water balance by accumulating and expelling excess water out of the cell |
| main functions of cytoskeleton microfilaments and microtubules | allow the cell to hold its shape, and move itself and its organelles |
| cilia and flagella function | move an entire cell |
| where can you find cilia | parameciums or on the epithelial cells of several internal organs such as lungs, trachea, and digestive system |
| where can you find flagella | bacteria and sperm cells |
| centrioles function | organizing microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal system |
| 4 organelles that can be found in plant cells but not animal cells | 1. cell wall 2. plastids 3. chloroplasts 4. large central vacuole |
| plant cell walls are rigid because they are composed of what polysaccharide | polysaccharide cellulose |
| how much space is taken up by the central vacuole in plant cells | 80% or more |
| what function does the central vacuole have | stores salts, minerals, nutrients, proteins, pigments, helps in plant growth, and plays an important structural role for the plant |
| organelle that captures light | chloroplasts |
| how is the chloroplasts similar to the nucleus | membrane bound organelles |
| Explain the protein processing pathway | 1. assembled by ribosomes on rough ER 2. modifications to proteins and packaged 3. vesicles ship to golgi 4. golgi modifies and packages proteins 5. some vesicles release proteins outside wall 6. others with enzymes remain inside to become lysosomes |
Created by:
arabella_m_savannah
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