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Chapter 24
biol 130 exam 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| fission | act of dividing something into two or more parts |
| meiosis | a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of parent cells |
| gram-positive | retains violet dye |
| gram-negative | retains red dye |
| spirilla | spirals |
| bacilli | rods |
| cocci | spheres |
| diplococcus | pairs |
| streptococcus | chains |
| staphlococcus | arranged in clusters |
| tetracoccus | 4 in 2 planes to make a square of 4 |
| extremophiles | thrive under extreme conditions |
| hadobacteria | thermophiles |
| thermophiles | heat lovers |
| hyperthemophiolic bacteria | extreme thermophiles |
| firmicutes | low ratio of G-C:A-T base pairs |
| endospores | heat-resistant resting structures with tough cell walls |
| actinobacteria | high ratio of G-C:A-T |
| cyanobacteria | blue-green |
| chlamydias | spread through sex or contact with infected genital fluids |
| proteobacteria | largest group of bacteria |
| methanogens | energy from H2; produces methane as waste; poisoned by O2 |
| extreme halophiles | salt tolerant to salt dependent |
| extreme thermophiles | hot environment; metabolism based on sulfur |
| non-extreme archaea | same environment as bacteria |
| biofilms | thin, slimy film of bacteria that adheres to surfaces |
| microbiomes | bacterial communities that live in and on our bodies |
| pathogens | small minority of bacteria |
| koch's postulates | rules to establish that a particular organism causes a particular disease |
| first postulate | The microorganism is always found in persons with the disease |
| second postulate | It can be taken from the host a group in pure culture |
| third postulate | Disable of the culture causes the disease in a new host |
| fourth postulate | The new host also yields a pure culture |
| invasiveness of pathogens | its ability to multiply in host |
| toxigenicity of pathogens | its ability to produce toxins |
| endotoxins | released when lysed |
| exotoxins | released by living bacteria |
| decomposers | Metabolize organic compounds and dead organisms and other organic materials |
| denitrifiers | use NO3- as an electron acceptor in anaerobic conditions, release N to atmosphere as N2 |
| nitrifiers | chemoautotroph bacteria |
| provirus | Integrated retroviral DNA |
| DNA viruses | genome is double-stranded DNA |
| polyphyletic | many independent orgons |
| bacteriophage | common phage, double-stranded DNA viruses |
| photosynthetic lamellae | has an internal membrane system |
| spirochetes | motile |
Created by:
acatherine04
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