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Bio Ch. 9

What Genes Are

TermDefinition
DNA the genetic material that transfers information from parents to offspring
RNA single-stranded nucleic acid transcribed from DNA
nucleotide basic repeating subunit of DNA, composed of the sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of four bases (A,C,G,T))
base the nitrogen-containing component of nucleotides
base pair two nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between their bases
double helix what DNA is made of
base-pairing rules Adenine pairs with Thymine & Cytosine only pairs with Guanine
complementary base-pairing allows the original strands to serve as “template strands” on which new strands can be built
CRISPR RNA sequence that guides molecular machinery to a DNA sequence through complementary base-pairing
histone protein one of a class of specific proteins that, together with DNA, form nucleosomes
nucleosome “beads” made from short lengths of double stranded DNA wound around histone proteins
chromatin fiber a chromosome in relaxed form, made up of DNA and nucleosomes
DNA replication the duplication of a DNA molecule
origin of replication a DNA sequence where DNA replication is initiated
DNA polymerase the enzyme that builds new strands of DNA in DNA replication
primer a short chain of nucleotides
semiconservative replication each new DNA double helix contains one old strand & one new strand
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) a technique that can produce millions of copies of a DNA sequence in just a few hours
mutation a change to the sequence of nucleotides in an organism’s DNA
point mutation the change of one nucleotide in a single base pair
substitution one nucleotide is substituted for another in a DNA sequence
insertion one nucleotide is added to a DNA sequence
deletion one nucleotides is deleted from a DNA sequence
noncoding DNA DNA that does not code for any kind of functional RNA
chromosomal abnormality the addition or deletion of 1 or more whole chromosomes
Created by: nat.riv
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