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Psych chapter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Developmental psychology | the study of individuals' changes to the mind, brain, and behavior across the lifespan |
| Post Hoc Fallacy | logical error in which it is assumed that event A caused event B solely because B occurred after A |
| Bidirectional influences | Human development is a two way street children's development influences their experiences, but the experiences also influence their development |
| cohort effects | when history plays out in differences between the same aged participants collected at different points in time. influences groups of people based on time periods of life. |
| nature | genetic endowments input from genotype |
| nurture | environmental input |
| Involuntary/Obligatory responses | collecting data from infants who can't respond verbally; habituation, heart rate, blinking, attention |
| Voluntary responses | data collected from slightly older children given by choice; selecting toys, recalling information, etc.. |
| psychophysiology | collecting data through brain scans, skin data such as GSR |
| Parent-report data | gathering data by asking the parents to provide information |
| Interview data | gathering information from older children who can report their own behaviors/ thoughts |
| Single point design | research data collected at one time |
| longitudinal design | data collected at numerous time points; tracks a set of participants |
| cross-sectional design | data collected at one time; sample includes groups to compare |
| sequential design | elements of both longitudinal and cross-sectional; follows and compares |
| informed consent | participants have the right to know what the researcher is conducting the study for |
| parental assent | used for children who can't consent, instead the parents consent for them |
| attrition | participant drop out |
| germinal stage | conception to about 2 weeks |
| embryonic stage | 2 to 8 weeks |
| fetal stage | 9 to 40 weeks |
| emerging adulthood | ages 18 to 29 not an adult, but not a teen; point in life where you are still figuring things out |
| Piaget's stage theory | contains 4 stages; the "end point" is when you reach the ability to reason logically and hypothetically |
| sensorimotor stage | age 0 to 2, development of object permanence (peekaboo) |
| preoperational stage | age 2 to 7, begin to think symbolically (words for objects) |
| concrete operational stage | age 7 to 11, develop ability to reason but only concretely |
| formal operational stage | age 11 to 15, reasoning about abstract ideas |
| Temperament | early emerging differences in reactivity and self-regulation in children |
| easy-going | 40% |
| difficult/active | 10% |
| Slow to warm | 15% |
| attachment | an emotional connection we share with those to whom we feel closest, often parents |
| Ainsworth's strange situation | when a mother leaves her child for a short period of time, the child is sad; when the mother returns, the child is happy |
| secure attachment | healthy relationship, sad when leaving happy when returning |
| insecure-avoidant | non-reactive to the mother leaving or returning |
| Insecure anxious | panic at departure mixed emotions when returning |
| disorganized | inconsistent/confused reaction |
| permissive | lenient, little discipline, affectionate |
| authoritarian | very strict, punishing, little affection |
| authoratative | supportive but set firm limits |
| uninvolved | neglectful and ignoring |
| Identity | sense of who we are, our goals, our priorities, biggest interests |
Created by:
chloemcmillin
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