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weather part 1 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mesosphere | middle layer of atmosphere; 51-85km; coldest layer; this is where meteors burn up. |
| Air pressure | the measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface |
| Altitude | elevation (height) above sea level |
| troposphere | lowest layer of earths atmosphere; 0-17 km above earths surface, site of weather, organisms, contains most atmospheric, in weather, organisms, contains most atmospheric water vapor |
| Stratosphere | 2nd layer of atmosphere; extends from 10 to 30 miles up; location of ozone layer; absorbs 95% of ultraviolet radiation; temperature increases with altitude increase |
| Thermosphere | the fourth layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases |
| exosphere | the outer layer of the thermosphere, extending outward into space. |
| Atmospheric gases | nitrogen makes up 78%, 21% oxygen, and remaining 1% is carbon dioxide, water vapor and other gasses |
| Nitrogen (N2) | Most abundant gas in the atmosphere (78%) |
| Oxygen (O2) | gas that makes up 21% of the air in earths atmosphere. it passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) | a greenhouse gas: a gas that absorbs and radiates heat |
| trace gases | gasses such as hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide and argon that exist in very small quantities in the atmosphere; gasses that make up less than 1% of earths atmosphere. |
| water vapor | water in the form of a gas |
| fossil fuels | a natural substance formed from the buried remains of ancient organisms that can be used as a source of energy |
| Greenhouse gases | gasses in earths atmosphere that trap heat near the surface |
| water cycle | the continuous process by which water moves from earths surface to the atmosphere and back |
| evaporation | the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas |
| condensation | the change from a gas to a liquid |
| precipitation | any form of water that falls from cloud ans reaches earths surface (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist) |
| transpiration | evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant |
| crystallization | the process by which a substance becomes a solid, sort of like freezing. |
| surface runoff | water that flows over land until it reaches lakes, rivers or other areas |
| groundwater flow | water that is flowing beneath earths surface |
| Dew | water that has condensed on a cool surface overnight from water vapor in the air |
| Frost | ice formed when water vapor changes directly into ice crystals |
| Ozone (O3) | Part of earths upper atmosphere; it protects people by absorbing harmful rays from the sun |
| Greenhouse effect | a warming of earths surface and the air above it. it is caused by gasses in the air that trap energy from the sun |
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