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Rock Cycle

definitions and processes

TermDefinition
Sedimentary Rock Rock formed from compacted sediment or dirt
Igneous Rock Rocks formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten materials.
Metamorphic Rock Rock that has changed due to heat and pressure over long periods of time
Fossils Evidence of past earth life
Index fossils Fossils that date to a specific era of geologic time. Used to help relatively date rocks
Trace fossils a fossil of a footprint, trail, burrow, or other trace of an animal rather than of the animal itself.
Relative Dating A method of dating rock layers or fossils based on the Law of Superposition. Does not give an actual age of a rock or fossil, but rather the order of events compared to other rock layers.
Absolute Dating A method of dating rock layers or fossils based on analysis of the radioactive materials found in them. Age is measured in half lives.
Cenozoic Era Period of geologic time in which mammals were dominant and humans begin to appear.
Mesozoic Era Period of geologic time in which large reptiles and dinosaurs were prevalent.
Paleozoic Era Period of geologic time in which most life was found in the oceans.
Pre-Cambrian Era Period of geologic time in which mountain, oceans and the atmosphere was forming. Life on earth was believed to be microscopic organisms.
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