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Nelson- Genetics

Genetics Vocabulary (7th Grade)

QuestionAnswer
Dominant A trait that masks the expression of another trait
Recessive A trait that is masked because of the presence of another allele
Purebred An organism that is homozygous for a trait (HH or hh) so that all offspring will express the same trait as the purebred parents
Hybrid An organism that is heterozygous for a trait (Hh). The offspring will may or may not show the same trait as the hybrid parents.
Homozygous HH or hh. Two of the same alleles.
Heterozygous Hh. One of each allele.
Genotype The two genes for a trait.
Phenotype The physical expression of a trait.
Punnett square Way to test the probability of genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross
Allele One of two forms of a gene
Gene Series of nucleotide bases that codes for a trait
Chromosome Organized structure of DNA. 46 in human body cells (all cells but gametes)
Mitosis Cell division that results in 2 daughter cells
Meiosis Cell division that results in 4 gametes
Gametes Haploid cells that will join with another in fertilization
Mendel Father of genetics. Studied heredity in pea plants.
Test cross A genetic cross to determine an organism's genotype
Daughter cell Genetically identical cells created through mitosis
Diploid 2n. Two sets of each chromosome, such as in a human body cell.
Haploid 1n. Only one set of chromosomes, such as in gametes (egg and sperm)
Created by: NelsonSRMS
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