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weather part 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| air pressure | the measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface |
| troposphere | lowest layer of earths atmosphere; 0-17 km above earths surface, site of weather, organisms, contains most atmospheric water vapor |
| stratosphere | 2nd layer of atmosphere; extends from 10 to 30 miles up; location of ozone layer; absorbs 95%of ultraviolet radiation; temperature increases with altitude increase |
| thermosphere | the fourth layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases |
| exosphere | the outer layer of the thermosphere , extending outward into space |
| atmospheric gases | nitrogen makes up 78%, 21% oxygen, and remaining 1% is carbon dioxide, water vapor and other gasses |
| nitrogen | most abundant gas in the atmosphere (78%) |
| oxygen | gas that makes up 21% of the air in Earth's atmosphere. It passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells. |
| carbon dioxide | a greenhouse gas: a gas that absorbs and radiates heat |
| trace gases | gasses such as hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide and argon that exist in very small quantities in the atmosphere; gases that make up less than 1% of Earth's atmosphere |
| water vapor | water in the form of a gas |
| fossil fuels | a natural substance formed from the buried remains of ancient organisms that can be used as a source of energy |
| greenhouse gases | gasses in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat near the surface |
| water cycle | the continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back |
| evaporation | the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas |
| condensation | the change from a gas to a liquid |
| precipitation | - any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist) |
| transpiration | evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant |
| crystallization | the process by which a substance becomes a solid, sort of like freezing. |
| surface runoff | water that flows over land until it reaches lakes, rivers, or other areas |
| groundwater flow | water that is flowing beneath Earth’s surface |
| dew | water that has condensed on a cool surface overnight from water vapor in the air |
| frost | ice formed when water vapor changes directly into ice crystals |
| ozone | part of Earth's upper atmosphere; it protects people by absorbing harmful rays from the sun |
| greenhouse effect | a warming of Earth's surface and the air above it. It is caused by gasses in the air that trap energy from the Sun |
| altitude | elevation (height) above sea level |
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