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Vitals

Fundamentals

QuestionAnswer
What are the five vitals? 1. Temperature 2. Pulse 3. Respiration/ Oxygenation 4. Blood Pressure 5. Pain
When to access vital signs? 1. On admission 2. Change in the patient's condition 3. Before/after surgical or invasive procedures 4. Before/after an activity that may increase risk 5. Before/after administering medications that affect the cardiovascular or respiratory system
Systole BP Occurs when ventricles force blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery and represents the maximum amount of pressure exerted on the arteries when ejection occurs
Diastole BP Occurs when the ventricles relax and exert minimal pressure against arterial walls and represents the minimum amount of pressure exerted on the arteries
Normal range BP? 120/80
Pulse Pressure? Difference between systolic and diastolic readings
Orthostatic Hypotension? Characterized by a normotensive individual developing symptoms and a drop in systolic or diastolic blood pressure by at least 20mmHg within 3 minutes of rising.
Normal range for temperature? Oral 96.8F-100.4F
 Hyperthermia? Abnormally high temperature over 104F
Hypothermia? Abnormally low temperature under 95F
Normal range for heart rate? 60-100 beats per minute (BPM)
Normal range for heart rate in newborns? 90-160 beats per minute (BPM)
What is pulse? Pulse is the measurement of heart rate and rhythm
Autonomic nervous system controls what? Autonomic nervous system control heart rate
Sympathetic nervous system controls what? Sympathetic nervous system raises the heart rate 
Parasympathetic nervous system controls what? Parasympathetic nervous system lowers the heart rate
What is temperature? Measurement of heat balance between what the body produces and heat lost from the body the environment
Rate? Number of times per minute you feel or hear the heartbeat 
Rhythm? Regularity of impulses
Strength? Reflects the volume of blood ejected against the arterial wall
Equality? Peripheral pulse should be symmetrical in quality and quantity form both side of the body at the same location. Inequality can indicate thrombus or aortic dissection
Heart rate -0? Absent, unable to palpate 
Heart rate 1+? 1+- Diminished. Weaker than expected. 
Heart rate 2+? 2+- Brisk (Normal)
Heart rate 3+? 3+-increased, strong 
Heart rate 4+? 4+- Full volume, bounding
What is blood pressure? Blood pressure reflects the force the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries during cardiac muscle contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole)
How to measure blood pressure? 1. Rest for at least 5 minutes 2. Not use any nicotine or drink caffeine for 30 min 3. Sit in chair, with feet flat on floor, the back and arm supported and arm at heart level
Locations for heart rate? 1. Radial 2. Brachial 3. Pedal 4. Femoral 5. Popliteal
Dysrhythmia? An irregular heart rhythm with an irregular radial pulse
Pulse deficit? The difference between the apical rate and the radial rate
Tachycardia? A rate greater than 100 beats per minute or above expected
Bradycardia? A rate less than expected or below 60/min 
Normal respiration? Normal respiration is between 12 BPM and 20 BPM
Ventilation Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung through inspiration and expiration
Diffusion Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and red blood cells
Perfusion Flow of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries. Measured using pulse oximetry
Hypoventilation? Shallow breathing pattern with low rate
Apnea? Periods of no breathing
Bradypnea Regular breathing pattern with rate less than 12 bpm
Cheyne-Stokes Irregular rate and depth of respirations that follow a cyclical pattern. From shallow to normal to deep then to shallow and end with apnea
Tachypnea Rate greater than 20bpm
Hyperventilation Deep breathing with increased rate
Hyperpnea Rate, depth increased
Normal range for pulse? Normal Range is 95%-100%
Pulse Oximetry? Noninvasive, indirect measure of the oxygen saturation in tissue-percentage of hemoglobin bound by oxygen in the arteries
Created by: Genevadarcius123
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